Objective. The aim of the study is to develop a precision thermoelectric semiconductor sensor.
Method. In the course of the study, a balanced method was applied, based on the fact that instead of a temperature difference, the thermal module will measure the coincidence of temperatures.
Result. The use of a thermoelectric semiconductor sensor practically reduces the error when measuring the temperature of the environment or the object under study. The thermoelectric semiconductor sensor with the Peltier effect can operate in an economical mode, without wasting energy for measuring the temperature.
Conclusion. The thermoelectric semiconductor sensor operates in an adaptive temperature measurement mode, allowing you to adjust a functional sensor to measure temperature with the required accuracy depending on the object under study, as well as stabilize the melt or boiling boundary in a container in contact with a digital thermoelectric device.

Objective. The aim of the study is to simulate resonators for microwave digital active phased antenna arrays (DFAAR) in the microwave range, which will optimize the parameters of the antenna system for more reliable direction finding with high reliability of any aircraft.
Method. The use of one-sided surfaces in the Mobius shape as resonators makes it possible to implement a new type of microwave resonators in the form of an integrated capacitance and a two-turn inductance. The parameters of such a resonator make it possible to realize a traveling or standing wave, depending on the geometric dimensions.
Result. The use of innovative resonators for microwave DFAAR with p-i-n diodes to change the area of the capacitor makes it possible to implement a two-frequency method of pulse-code modulation. On the basis of such resonators, it is possible to realize a standing wave at one position of the p-i-n diodes, and a traveling wave at the other. Such electromagnetic waves, transmitted by the DFAAR, can track objects in the stealth mode.
Conclusion. The use of traditional resonators for DFAAR of the microwave range allows you to discretely adjust the parameters of these resonators by turning on / off p-i-n diodes with positive and negative voltages to control the frequency properties of the resonators and set the traveling or standing wave modes.

Objective. The aim of the study is the possibility of obtaining the impedance of the controlled and interfering parameters using the example of a capacitor sensor.
Method. The study is based on the determination of the analytical relationship between the change in the impedance of the sensor and the frequency of the current in which the capacitance of the capacitor is excited.
Result. Having determined the resistance of individual circuit elements, you can find the impedance of the equivalent circuit at any fixed frequency. An equation for the impedance of the sensor is obtained, reflecting the dependence of the output signal on the change in both the controlled humidity and the interfering parameter - the dielectric constant of oil at any frequency in the studied range. The existence of the frequency parameter for the separation of information contained in the output signal of the measuring circuit has been proved.
Conclusion. If the parametric separation of the signal is possible, the output value of the sensor can be automatically corrected for the change in the dielectric constant of the "dry" oil, and continuous measurement of the controlled moisture can be carried out.

Objective. The purpose of the article is to highlight the results of experimental studies, the measurement technique, as well as the design of a laboratory stand for carrying out field tests of a thermoelectric device (TEC) for stopping bleeding by the method of local freezing of the blood flow zone.
Method. An experimental stand and a technique for carrying out measurements of a laboratory sample of a TEU for stopping bleeding by the method of local freezing of the blood flow zone are described. The experimental stand is made on the basis of the measuring equipment of the laboratory of semiconductor thermoelectric devices and devices of Daghestan State Technical University.
Result. The graphs of the time dependence of the temperature change of the control points of the laboratory sample of TEC for stopping bleeding by the method of local freezing of the blood flow zone at various supply currents of the thermoelectric battery (TEB) were obtained. The control points were cold and hot junctions of TEB, a simulator of a biological object.
Conclusion. The data obtained show that with an increase in the area of blood flow, it takes more time to stop it. An increase in the diameter of the hole with blood flow by an average of 1 mm increases the duration of thrombus formation, which stops bleeding by an average of 20 s. During the experiment, it was found that to ensure the efficient operation of the TEU, it is sufficient to use the commercially available TEB brand ICE- 71.

Objective. The aim of the study is to generalize the accumulated experience of fuzzy situational control based on a compositional hybrid model of a complex technical system in the form of an algorithm and, on this basis, to form recommendations on the methodology for the formation and identification of situations, determining parameters and solutions for managing a complex technical system under conditions incomplete data to improve the accuracy of control decisions.
Method. The use of a compositional hybrid model solves the problem of describing and modeling the system in conditions of incomplete data and the impossibility of obtaining information about the entire range of the system's operation. Fuzzy situational control makes it possible to develop control decisions in accordance with the chosen control strategy and take into account the specifics of the system thanks to the compositional model.
Result. An algorithm for fuzzy situational control of complex technical systems based on compositional hybrid models is proposed. The stages, features, advantages and disadvantages of fuzzy situational control for this type of systems are considered. The procedure for determining and unambiguously identifying emerging fuzzy situations for the system is given, and a method for analyzing and developing typical control strategies is also considered. The compositional hybrid model of a complex technical system considered in the article describes the operation of the experimental compressor unit ETsK-55.
Conclusion. The main advantages of the developed fuzzy situational method for managing complex technical systems include: integration of the control system with existing elements of the system; better use of available resources; adaptability and reliability of a control method based on fuzzy situational networks and a composite hybrid model of the system. Management strategies have been defined to meet the customer's requirements for product quality, as well as the safety of personnel and equipment, trouble-free production and saving resources.

Objective. Assessment of the consequences of the occurrence of damage cases in the information and technical systems (ITS) of the internal affairs bodies (ATS) requires the use of an analysis of the risks of damage as a result of the implementation of information security threats.
Method. In order to analyze the processes occurring in the ITS, as a rule, mathematical modeling is used. For ITS, due to the high technological complexity, high costs for the acquisition, maintenance of equipment and payment of wages to employees, it is necessary to apply the procedure for analyzing the risks of ITS ITS. The security of the functioning of the ITS ITS is normative, since at the moment the method of quantitative assessment of damages is insufficiently developed. The development of this scientific application would make it possible to establish the appropriate value of the indicator of the permissible risk of the implementation of threats to information security. Analytical and mathematical modeling using the apparatus of queuing systems.
Result. A technique for analyzing the risks of information security violations based on a quantitative assessment of the damages of the ITS of ATS is given.
Conclusion. The direction of this study is relevant and requires further elaboration in order to improve the method for assessing the occurrence of damage in the ITS of the internal affairs bodies.

Objective. The aim of the study is to develop methods for determining the coordinates of the hypocenter of an earthquake with a known structure of the earth's crust.
Method. To solve the problem, the brute force method, the confidence interval, the comparative method and the enumeration of possible options on the grid are used.
Result. A method has been developed for determining the coordinates of an earthquake source with a known structure of the earth's crust using points of various figures of the n-th order as geometric locations in calculations.
Conclusion. The proposed method, with the known structure of the earth's crust, makes it possible to use all known methods that require information on the travel time differences of seismic waves to spaced seismic sensors and the difference in travel times of longitudinal and transverse seismic waves to the seismic sensor for calculating the coordinates of the earthquake hypocenter. The accuracy of determining the coordinates of the earthquake hypocenter depends on the quality of determining the structure of the earth's crust on which the seismic event was observed.

Objective. The article discusses the methodology for assessing competencies in the educational standards of the Federal State Educational Standard 3++.
Method. Competence assessment is carried out through competency indicators. To assess the competence of a complex multilayer object, the mathematical apparatus of the theory of fuzzy sets was used.
Result. A step-by-step example of competency assessment is given. The process of transformation of input variables into fuzzy sets is presented - assessments of competency indicators. A trapezoidal scale of linguistic terms has been developed. The processes of fuzzification, accumulation and defuzzification are presented step by step. A final clear assessment of competence was obtained.
Conclusion. The introduction of fuzzy numbers allows all calculations to be performed quite flexibly and, as a result of defuzzification, to obtain an objective assessment of the formed competence.

Objective. The existing approach to assessing the publication activity of scientific, higher educational institutions and scientists (including through the Russian Scientific Citation Index) does not reflect the true effectiveness of their scientific activities. Key indicators for assessing publication activity - the citation index and the Hirsch index are formed on the basis of the data provided by the RSCI and cannot reliably establish the authorship of the publication, the contribution of each coauthor, and the methodology for accruing indicators of scientific activity requires serious adjustment and improvement. The existing methodology for assessing publication activity stimulates multiple coauthorship in publications, to which the co-authors are often not directly related, which distorts the science-metric indicators, stimulates immutation science and increases citation indicators due to unjustified self-citation. In this regard, the subject of the study is the state of scientifometry and the methods used to evaluate publication activity. The aim of the study is to develop a methodology for assessing the publication activity of authors and organizations.
Method. As a method of research, system analysis, geometric modeling, and mathematical calculations are used.
Result. As a result, a methodology for evaluating scientifometric indicators was developed, a methodology for calculating a new index of publication activity was developed, a geometric and mathematical model of the new index was presented.
Conclusion. The developed index of publication activity makes it possible to more accurately take into account all indicators of the effectiveness of scientific activity: the credibility of the journal and the author, the total number of citations; co-authorship; publication activity of the last five years, etc.

Objective. Development of a method for organizing the process of forming flows register structure, patented by the author at the Department of DSTU, which is a cellular automaton of binary sequences with a controlled structure of "cellular" automata in homogeneous register environments.
Method. To solve the set system problem, a process model was built in order to determine the factors that allow changing the sequence of flow elements.
Result. When studying the most common generators of pseudo-random streams based on linear register media with modulo two adders in feedback circuits, which are "cellular" automata, it was established from the tables of environment states that the factors determining the structure of the generated streams of binary sequences are the sequence of states , are the initial state of the register of a homogeneous medium and the feedback structure determined by the transition function of the cellular automaton.
Conclusion. It is shown that by varying the initial state of the cellular automaton and the structure of feedbacks as control tools, it seems possible to form binary pseudo-random streams of states with different structures, different order of flow elements, bringing their characteristics closer to random ones. Examples of the implementation of the flow structure control process are given, confirming this assumption. A typical structure of a stream shaper with a managed structure based on a homogeneous one is given.

Objective. The aim of the work is to determine the prospects for the development of digital financial instruments in the management of social and economic systems.
Method. The comparative analysis of the results of an anonymous survey using interactive multi-user social networks was used as research methods in the work.
Result. The factors and key parameters influencing the development of cryptocurrency mechanisms are revealed, the advantages and disadvantages of using digital tools are identified. Suggestions for the management of cryptocurrency instruments and recommendations for improving the reliability and development of digital instruments in the financial and digital environment are given. The results of the analysis of a survey of 1121 respondents on the topic of using cryptocurrencies are presented. The results of the study showed that the most commonly used cryptocurrencies are Bitcoin and Ethereum, with a significant proportion of respondents preferring digital activities such as mining and trading. At the same time, a significant number of respondents believe that the future development of digital financial instruments is directly dependent on the legitimization of cryptocurrencies by the state and improvement of blockchain technology.
Conclusion. The development of cryptocurrencies cannot be assessed unambiguously. With the development of cryptocurrency instruments, a number of threats arise, which include significant volatility, the presence of legislative restrictions on their use, and the inability to withdraw operations. The further development of cryptocurrencies should be associated with the legal regulation of their distribution, both at the national and international levels, which will ensure the determination of their legal status among other monetary units. It is also necessary to carry out a phased introduction of cryptocurrencies into payment systems for cash settlements, which should be carried out on the basis of the organization of the official circulation of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.

Objective. The aim of the study is to model erosion processes in open channels.
Method. A stochastic approach is applied to the calculation of parameters and the construction of models of individual stages of the erosion process: disruption, weighing and transport of eroded soil particles by a turbulent flow.
Result. A technique has been developed for predicting the general erosion of riverbeds and canals, composed of homogeneous and heterogeneous non-cohesive soils. Approbation of the developed technique on the material of laboratory and field studies confirmed its satisfactory accuracy in a wide range of hydraulic conditions and soil granulometric compositions.
Conclusion. The principles of developing a model of erosion processes in open channels, the modular structure of the calculation algorithms and programs compiled on its basis, allow us to continuously improve the methods for calculating individual parameters of the erosion process and make adjustments to the corresponding modules of algorithms.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to increase the effectiveness of measures to identify, investigate and disclose offenses and crimes based on the analysis of Internet resources in order to identify and structure information suitable for intellectual analysis; identify relationships between data categories, develop a model for obtaining operationally significant information from open government information resources.
Method. The study is based on the use of statistical analysis to describe the general structure of information about an individual posted in official state information resources. A categorized list of relevant web resources containing operationally significant information about a person or subject of a crime is compiled on the basis of expert assessments of law enforcement officers. To determine the relationships between data categories, a graphical-analytical method for studying information flows was used, and a graph model for obtaining operationally significant information from open state information resources was built.
Result. The results of the analysis of Internet resources in order to identify information suitable for intellectual analysis are presented, their structuring is carried out, relationships between data categories are identified, and a model for obtaining operationally significant information from open state information resources is developed.
Conclusion. The conducted system analysis of the state information resources of the Internet made it possible to identify the relationship between the categories of data and use them to obtain operationally significant information from open state information resources. In practice, the constructed model can be used to optimize fuzzy search. To solve this problem, it seems possible to use Kohonen neural networks or Hamming algorithms. The apparatus of neural networks will allow you to determine patterns and optimize the search for operationally significant information.

Objective. The article discusses the issue of verifying the computing process of a corporate information system. The purpose of the article is to verify the computing process of a corporate information system.
Method. The method of verifying the computational process of a corporate information system is a graphic-analytical model and a software model of the computational process.
Result. The result is a successful verification of the computing process of the corporate information system.
Conclusion. The conclusion of the article is that the computational process of a corporate information system can be verified using graphic-analytical and software models. The process of verification of the computing process of a corporate information system is presented on the example of a corporate information system 1C: Enterprise. The computational process goes through the architecture of the corporate information system and performs its tasks.

Objective. The article studies the problem of adequate assessment of the level of acquired knowledge and skills with design of modules based on printed circuit boards (PCB) using CAD PCB. The article considers the issue of assessing the effectiveness of the use of an intelligent adaptive training system, which is the fundamental criterion for the effectiveness of the training process for designing of modules based on PCB. This intelligent adaptive training system of design of modules based PCB enables learners to assess their own performances. The main purpose of the study is to substantiate the algorithm and mathematical models of the developed system for assessing the effectiveness of training using an intelligent adaptive system.
Method. The parameters, algorithm and patterns of building intelligent adaptive learning systems for designing modules based on PCB of ship integrated control systems for future specialists are disclosed.
Result. The target indicators of the effectiveness of training in the design modules based on PCB are highlighted. A fully functional algorithm for assessing the effectiveness of learning the design modules based on PCB in intelligent adaptive systems is determined by the step of technological operations to ensure the uniformity of the learning quality control.
Conclusion. This system can be useful for teachers and specialists-studying the design modules based on PCB. This system can be used at the stage of assessing the achievable characteristics which can significantly speed up the learning process. The research methods are applied in training the design modules based on PCB to the personnel of the shipyard X52 in Vietnam. It is suitable not only for training shipyard personnel to work, for teaching various levels of training of personnel of any industrial enterprise, for example, in aircraft engineering, mechanical engineering or instrument making, and for teaching any CAD system in general.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to improve the technical procedure and increase the accuracy of determining the key thermophysical characteristics of building materials and products in a stationary thermal regime, as well as expanding the possibilities of using integrated thermal imaging monitoring in assessing the heat-conducting qualities of heterogeneous single-layer building structures, which are, including in non-stationary temperature conditions.
Method. The methodological basis of the study is the fundamental provisions of the theories of heat transfer, thermal control and infrared diagnostics, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis of thermograms.
Result. The scheme of complex non-destructive diagnostics of the thermal and technical condition of heat-protective shells of capital and completed construction facilities, engineering and technical systems and subsystems of life support for various functional, technological, operational purposes based on the results of thermography and qualitative and quantitative assessment of thermal images is presented. Examples of the use of thermal imaging equipment and other auxiliary control and measuring equipment in the field examination of translucent structures and non-translucent ventilated facade systems of a real civil building are given, as well as the results of thermal imaging identification of the main thermal properties of a fragment of an enclosing building structure in the form of a wall of silicate brick.
Conclusion. The presented method of active thermal non-destructive determination of the main thermophysical properties of structural building materials and products, as well as an experimental setup for its implementation, make it possible to study the entire range of thermal characteristics under various conditions and modes using a thermal imager and related instrumentation.

Objective. The purpose of this study is to create a light, sufficiently rigid bearing coating, which can be strengthened by the air-supporting effect during overloads during force majeure. These structures can be erected in a very short time, both in combat conditions and during natural disasters.
Method. The study was carried out in the software package "Program for calculating membrane-pneumatic structures by the step method using the numerical Euler-Cauchy procedure" according to the method of static calculation of membrane-pneumatic systems, taking into account non-linear factors.
Result. A method for calculating air-supported double-belt membrane-rod systems for covering large spans by the iterative method of parameter increments using FEM and the Euler-Cauchy numerical procedure of the third order of accuracy has been developed.
Conclusion. In design practice, the effect of strengthening the coating due to the air-supporting effect can approximately be taken equal to three. The use of the air-supported effect makes it possible to save significant funds, sometimes reaching up to 25% of the estimated cost of the structure due to the use of structural elements of a smaller section.

Objective. The purpose of the study is to determine the group of the limiting state according to the condition of loss of stability of the equilibrium form of structures.
Method. The study is based on the provisions of the theory of stability of equilibrium states of building structures; branching theory of solutions of nonlinear equations; perturbation method; methods of catastrophe theory.
Result. The results of the analysis of the post-critical behavior of structures based on the solution of the problem in higher approximations and from the fundamental provisions of the theory of catastrophes are generalized. It is proved that the study of the stability of equilibrium forms of structures using algebraic means and geometric images of the theory of catastrophes makes it possible to unambiguously determine the type of critical bifurcation points, predict the nature of the behavior of the structure, and determine the limit state group to which the state reached by the structure should be attributed.
Conclusion. It seems necessary to rename the ordinal numbers of the types of critical points of bifurcations so that they coincide with the numbers of the groups of limit states corresponding to them.

Objective. The problems of the negative impact of the carbonate technology for the production of Portland cement are hotly discussed at many scientific sites and the world community is striving to create more environmentally friendly and less energy-intensive binders. The development of clinker-free technology will allow solving many problems of a global scale, and the use of recycled or substandard material will expand the raw material base and reduce the burden on the environment.
Method. When designing formulations for building mortars, it is necessary to take into account the compliance with the requirements for all mortars in general, both for plastering and for masonry, finishing, repair, etc. The study of the compositions of mortars was carried out by standard methods using a verified and certified equipment.
Result. The paper presents the results of many years of work on the development of building composites based on binders of alkaline activation. Grades of solutions M75 - 150 were obtained, with the mobility of the mortar mixture Pk 1-2, shelf life of 33-120 minutes, with high adhesive strength of 0.62- 0.71 MPa.
Conclusion. The proposed mortar compositions will make it possible to perform plastering, masonry and repair work requiring quick setting, and with proper adherence to the proposed recipes and methods for making mortars, it will be possible to obtain high-quality and durable material.

Objective. The aim of the study is to study the effect of preliminary electrical heating of the concrete mixture on the structure and properties of heat-resistant expanded clay concrete on a composite binder before drying at a temperature of 105°C.
Method. It is based on domestic and foreign experience in studying the effect of preliminary electrical heating on the properties and structure of various concretes, including heat-resistant ones.
Result. A laboratory stand for preliminary electrical heating of mixtures has been developed and tested. The influence of preliminary electric heating on the process of self-steaming of heat-resistant expanded clay concrete has been studied. A mode of preliminary electric heating of a heat-resistant expanded clay concrete mixture in time has been developed. Stress dependences are obtained due to the difference in the temperature coefficients of linear expansion of coarse and fine aggregates and the mortar part on the heating temperature, as well as the dependences of the ultimate strength of expanded clay concrete on the heating temperature of the expanded clay concrete mixture under various modes of preheating with a composite binder with a ratio of components: Portland cement 70%, mineral additive 30%.
Conclusion. Based on the results obtained and the analysis of the studies carried out in the field of preliminary electrical heating of concrete mixtures, it can be concluded that the preliminary electrical heating of a mixture for heatresistant concrete with expanded clay filler based on an activated composite binder will make it possible to obtain concrete with higher physico-thermal and operational characteristics, as well as to reduce the technological process of manufacturing heat-resistant products, the drying period and bringing the thermal unit to the operating mode.