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Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences

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Vol 45, No 3 (2018)
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https://doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2018-45-3

PHYSICAL-MATEMATICAL SCIENCE. MECHANICS

8-17 3516
Abstract

Objectives. The longitudinal oscillations of a vertical rod of a continually discrete system with kinematic seismic disturbances in the form of a stationary random process are considered.

Method. A method for determining the variance of the output process of displacements, using the representation of the input random process as a sum of harmonic deterministic perturbations, is proposed and implemented.

Result. The dependence function of the dispersion of displacements on the longitudinal coordinate is determined. Longitudinal vibrations of vertical rods near the epicenter of earthquakes are dangerous for their strength and stability. The methods of finite differences and coordinate descent allow you to create universal algorithms and computer programs that easily solve complex spectral problems.

Conclusion. To date, research on random vibrations of buildings and structures, as well as regulatory documents, has been devoted to horizontal seismic effects and transverse bending vibrations caused by them. Examples indicate the need to expand the scope of research with the inclusion of other types of vibrations: combinations of longitudinal with transverse, angular, torsional, parametric, etc. This design can be easily adapted to vibrations of rods of variable cross section, to vibrations of continually discrete rods.

18-28 429
Abstract

Objectives. For the most efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical vibrations, there is a need for an in-depth analysis of the connectivity of physical fields of different nature in multilayer structures.

Method. The solution is carried out by the method of finite integral transforms, using successively the Fourier – Bessel transform along the radial coordinate and the generalized transform along the axial variable. In this case, each time the standardization procedure is preliminarily performed (reduction of the boundary conditions to a form, which allows to apply the corresponding transformation).

Result. A mathematical model for the calculation of bimorphic plates is developed. Multi-layer solid rigid and hinged structures are considered, in which the principle of reverse piezoelectric effect is used. Closed solutions of non-stationary axisymmetric problems of the electroelasticity theory for multilayer structures by the method of finite integral transformations are constructed. Based on the analysis of the numerical results of the calculation, practical recommendations for the design of piezoceramic transducers of resonance and nonresonance classes are presented. An algorithm has been developed for optimizing the operation of the structures under consideration by selecting their geometrical dimensions and the material used, which makes it possible to most effectively convert the applied electrical load into mechanical displacements.

Conclusion. The presented results make it possible to clarify the assumptions about the nature of the distribution of the electric field, which should be used when designing bimorph structures of other configurations, which can only be calculated using applied theories for thin plates.

TECHNICAL SCIENCE. POWER, METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

29-38 569
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the study is to develop a method of operating geothermal energy systems in the mode without scaling when disposing of flammable gases with geothermal water in wells with a low gas factor.

Method. The studies were conducted on the basis of analyzing the content of associated flammable gases in the underground thermal mineral waters of the North Caucasus and Ciscaucasian deposits and assessing the possibility of their utilization and use for heating and hot water supply. In this case, the laws of dissolution and desorption of methane and carbon dioxide from groundwater solutions with the content of scale-forming components, in particular, calcium carbonate, are used.

Result. On the basis of the conducted research, it was found that the operation of g eothermal systems in the power industry should be carried out after preliminary withdrawal of the maximum possible amount of associated flammable gases from a water solution, while maintaining the content of carbon dioxide in water at a level above the equilibrium value. The scheme of the effective operation of thermal distribution stations with the prevention of carbonate deposits in them is given by using the products of associated gas combustion in the waste water when it is pumped back into the aquifer.

Conclusion. As a result of the research conducted, a method of operating geothermal energy systems in a non-salt-scale mode has been developed for utilization of combustible gases associated with geothermal water. It has been established that in order to accelerate the dissolution of carbon dioxide in water to stabilize it before entering heat-exchange equipment, it is advisable to increase the partial pressure of carbon dioxide to values exceeding by an order of magnitude the equilibrium at a given temperature. At the same time, before pumping waste water back into the aquifer, excess carbon dioxide is removed from the water.

39-57 663
Abstract

Objectives. The equipment for general cryotherapy (WBC) has been used for more than 40 years without a clear understanding of the mechanism of therapeutic action, the technological conditions of patient safety, the nominal cost of energy in cryostation systems. Uncertainty in the fundamental issues of the production and operation of cryotherapy equipment has caused a gradual degradation of the WBC method in countries that have long determined the development of this section of cryomedical technology.

Method. In Russia, thanks to the advanced development of the scientific basis of the production and operation of facilities for the WBC, this method is developing dynamically. Exports of cryo-therapeutic equipment are growing. In the foreign literature, the number of publications denying the effects of the WBC is growing. These articles describe research performed on foreign-made equipment, which is significantly inferior to Russian samples. Such publications discredit the WBC method, hamper the export of Russian equipment, and hinder the spread of effective treatment methods in Russia.

Result. The results of the analysis of differences in design and technological parameters of domestic and foreign equipment are presented. The technique of numerical analysis and optimization of WBC technology is described. It is shown that the basis of the effectiveness of Russian equipment is rational design solutions and high power supply of cryostatting equipment.

Conclusion. The individual technology of the procedures combines high therapeutic efficacy with relatively low energy costs, and also provides the traditional medicine principle of individuality of treatment. Research results should be popularized for the gradual distribution of single-unit installations in all medical facilities.

58-67 690
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the research is to study the influence of the microwave electromagnetic field on the thermophysical characteristics of PCM reinforced with carbon fibers as one of the factors indicating a certain restructuring of the material, leading to a change in its operational properties.

Method. The use of modifying hardening effects that do not lead to excessive destructuring heating of materials.

Result. Based on the analysis of scientific and technical literature and trends in the development of technical transport and energy systems, a steady increase in the cons umption of fibrous polymeric composite materials (PCM) in their structures has been revealed. The prospects of applying the effects of microwave radiation (microwave electromagnetic field) on the formation of the required properties of products from PCM and the feasibility of studying the mechanisms of interaction of microwave radiation with the structure of solidified PCM are shown. Experimental studies of the thermophysical interaction of PCM reinforced with carbon fibers with a microwave electromagnetic field with a frequency of 2450 MHz were performed.

Conclusion. The fact of more intensive heating of samples of greater thickness and their greater shielding capacity was established. In the study of the thermophysical parameters of PCM subjected to preliminary processing in the microwave electromagnetic field by the modified Parker method, an increase in certain exposure modes of the thermal and thermal conductivities by 20% was observed, which indicates an increase in adhesive bonds in the interfacial zones and an increase in the structure density. This fact can be used in the development of technologies for modifying products from PCM, designed to work in conditions of elevated temperature gradients, which will reduce the magnitude of thermal stresses.

Acknowledgment. The research was supported by RFBR grant No. 17-03-00720 «Methodology of optimising microconstruction of composite materials for complex shape objects with increased dynamic strength, formed layer-by-layer by electrotechnological methods».

68-75 738
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the article is to develop and study a thermoelectric system based on the combined use of high-current thermoelectric batteries and heat pipelines made of high-heatconducting material (e.g. copper or aluminum), to conduct full-scale experimental studies of the experimental sample of thermal power plants.

Method. The design of the device of the experimental stand of the prototype on the basis of the combined use of high-current thermoelectric batteries and heat pipelines made of high-heat-conducting material is presented. The technique of full-scale tests of the prototype on a specially created laboratory bench to confirm the adequacy of the results of thermal power plants.

Result. Temperature changes in different points of thermal power plants at fixed and different supply currents, temperature changes at the end of the heat pipeline in time at different supply currents of thermal power plants are investigated. The comparison of experimental and calculated data of the prototype is carried out.

Conclusion. The results of experimental studies have shown the effectiveness of the developed thermoelectric system for remote separation of the cold source and the cooling object. It is shown that it is possible to increase the efficiency of thermal power plants with the combined use of high-current batteries and heat pipelines made of high-heat-conducting material.

TECHNICAL SCIENCE. COMPUTER SCIENCE, COMPUTER ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT

76-84 1053
Abstract

Objectives. In work questions of a research of topology of the antenna of Vivaldi with a mirror arrangement of petals are considered.

Method. By modeling in the program CST MicroWave Studio environment collecting necessary data, in particular dependence of width of the directional pattern on curvature and a distance from the middle of the top part of the antenna to the petal antenna petals is carried out.

Result. Graphic dependences of curvature of petals and size of a distance from the middle of the top part of the antenna to the petal on directional pattern width in two planes for various frequencies are constructed. Approximation of the received dependences for two planes θ = 900 (the antenna plane) and φ = 00 is carried out (the plane perpendicular the antenna planes). The equations of the approximating curves for various frequencies are received. The analysis of change of curve dependences of curvature of petals and width of a distance from the middle of the top part of the antenna to the petal from directional pattern width upon transition from one frequency is carried out to another. The dependence of the standing wave ratio (VSWR) of the antenna on teflon thickness is investigated. The dependence of a strip of working frequencies on the sizes of the antenna is investigated.

Conclusion. Dependences of topology of the antenna on directional pattern width on the range of frequencies of the antenna are revealed. Problems of construction and optimization of model of the set characteristics are solved. The mathematical model allowing depending on the set frequency and width of the directional pattern is received to receive necessary topology of petals of the antenna.

85-93 552
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the study is to search for effective methods and approaches to the processing of heterogeneous data streams and the management of problems of infinite length, conceptual evolution and conceptual drift. A heterogeneous data stream can have infinite length and contain structured or unstructured data. Processing a heterogeneous and multi-scale data flow is a major challenge for researchers. Most of the research focuses on solving problems of infinite length and concept-drift.

Method. New class detection strategies are classified as parametric and non-parametric. This work is based on a non-parametric approach. The classifier works on the ensemble of three models. The separation generates a different number of classes in each fragment. Classes are calculated by applying the K-Medoid clustering method on each fragment. The effectiveness of the K-media clustering method is more suitable for a data set containing anomalies.

Result. The developed algorithm is capable of processing heterogeneous and multi-scale data. Each instance that is present in the model belongs to only one class. Experimental work was performed on four samples of stream data of 2000 lines each. After performing the pre-processing, the multi-valued characteristics of the data were found in the data set.

Conclusion. This paper presents an effective approach for processing heterogeneous data streams and managing tasks of infinite length, conceptual evolution and conceptual drift. The developed approach is based on the string matching parameter instead of the distance for processing the four tasks of data streams. The level of false positives in the developed algorithm is rather low and can be considered insignificant. The approach does not classify a new instance of the class as an existing class, but can effectively handle the functional evolution.

94-102 839
Abstract

Objectives. The purpose of the work was to change the method of signal transmission containing metrological information from industrial time-pulse ultrasonic gas flow meter to a compu-ting device (CD). It was planned to expand the range of devices serving as gas flow calculators. A hardware-software complex (HSC) for automatic calibration / verification of ultrasonic flowmeters was to be developed. This HSC should work equally well on different operating systems. The information exchange between the CD and the flowmeter was to be carried out wirelessly.

Method. The Wi-Fi Pro-tocol was used as a wireless Protocol. The energy-efficient ESP8266 controller was chosen as micro-controller to provide the functionality of Wi-Fi. The ESP8266 board acted as a Wi-Fi access point on the network to which CD was connected for data exchange. The ESP8266 microcontroller also served as a HTTP server. Exchange of metrological and other information was carried out by GET-requests. Given the need for continuous flow measurements and simultaneous communication between the user and the flow meter, requests to the server were transmitted using AJAX technology. The software part of the APK consisted of 3 programs: a program that measured the flow and transmitted the information further to the ESP8266 microcontroller, a server program recorded in ESP8266, providing a response to the requests of CD users, and the client program installed on the CD. The article discusses the key points of the HSC.

Result. As a result of this work, the HSC was processed for calibration/verification of ultrasonic gas flow meters. For the first time this process for industrial flow meters was implemented using the ESP8266Wi-Fi controller as an access point. As a WU, it became possible to use any desktop or laptop computer or mobile device with a modern browser.

Conclusion. The method proposed in the paper significantly simplified the data exchange between the VU and the flowmeter, reduced the cost of software development due to the common approach for different operating systems.

103-113 605
Abstract

Objectives. This article is devoted to the problem of processing and analysis of speech signals on the basis of the wavelet transform method, which has become one of the most relevant in recent years.

Method. The growing relevance and undoubted practical value became the reason for the emergence of a large number of software systems that allow the processing of speech signals on the basis of this method. However, each of these systems has significant differences in the interface provided by the processing tools, functions, has a number of advantages and disadvantages. At the moment, a large number of manuals and recommendations for specific software packages have been written, but these materials are fragmented and unsystematic.

Result. This article attempts to systematize the theoretical material and describe the similarities and differences, advantages and disadvantages of the three most popular software systems: 1) MATLAB 6.0/6.1/6.5 Wavelet Toolbox 2/2.1/2.2; 2) Mathcad; 3) Wavelet Explorer of Mathematica.

Conclusion. This article will be useful for specialists dealing with the problem of speech signal processing using the wavelet transform method, as it contains material that has practical value, and will allow to facilitate the work of a specialist related to the selection of the optimal for the implementation of a specific task of the software complex.

114-122 692
Abstract

Objectives. Analysis of the existing methodology for the formation of requirements for information protection systems (GIS) from unauthorized access (NSD) to automated systems (AS) revealed a number of significant flaws, the main of which is the following: despite the fact that the considered method undoubtedly has theoretical significance, the same time, it can not claim practical value. This is due to the fact that in this methodology, the studies were carried out not on a specific standard (widely used certified according to the regulations of the Federal Service for Technical and Export Control of Russia) GIS, and the data on threats of unauthorized access given in it do not correspond to reality (morally obsolete), but therefore require a significant upgrade. Accepting the existing methodology as a baseline, the purpose of the article is to develop a private method of forming requirements for GIS from unauthorized access to the AU, which has practical value and allows you to formulate quantitative requirements for a wide class of certified GIS.

Method. When writing the article, the methods of system analysis, evolutionary modeling, probability theory and mathematical statistics, mathematical apparatus for modeling dynamic discrete networks (E-networks), and theory of algorithms were used. The methodological basis is a systematic approach.

Result. A private methodology has been developed that determines the parameters of the symbolic genetic algorithm (GA) for creating a software package for analysis, evolutionary modeling, and forming quantitative requirements for GIS from un-authorized access to speakers using the Matlab 13 application software to implement GA in the Optimization toolbox programming environment.

Conclusion. The proposed private method of forming requirements for GIS from unauthorized access in the AU using GA has a theoretical significance, practical value and allows you to formulate quantitative requirements for a wide class of AS certified in a certain class of security in accordance with the requirements of current regulatory documentation.

123-133 985
Abstract

Objectives. The article is devoted to the development of a software application that allows you to automate methods for collecting and processing information, as well as perform time-consuming analytical calculations. Embarcadero C ++ Builder XE, a visual object-oriented programming language, was used to implement a software application. The software being developed is created to solve the following tasks: a comparative analysis of innovative development indicators for the selected years; selection of a projected indicator, building a regression model; making a forecast with a lead time of 3; determination of the confidence interval; the formation of a graphical display of observable and calculated values, the selected indicator of innovative development.

Method. In a software application, formalized methods were used as a mathematical model, one of which is multiple regression. Regression analysis consists in defining an analytical expression of a relationship in which a change in a single quantity, called a dependent or productive attribute, is due to the influence of one or several independent quantities (factors).

Result. With the help of the developed software product, you can not only automate time-consuming methods of collecting and processing information, but also per-form complex analytical calculations using the multiple regression method.

Conclusion. Embarcadero C ++ Builder XE is by far the latest state-of-the-art technology and C ++ programming environment. With C ++ Builder, XE has become faster to do the job of creating high-quality applications for Windows-based applications, due to the rapid writing of code, new tools and components.

TECHNICAL SCIENCE. BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURE

134-144 689
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the study is to obtain formulae for calculating probability of seismic response characteristics of nonlinear seismic isolation system with the specified function "force-shifting", characteristic of seismic isolation system with kinematic pillars and score the effectiveness of this system of seismic isolation in multi-storey buildings.

Method. The studies were performed analytical techniques and numerical method of statistical tests.

Result. Analytical expressions to calculate the mean square value of one massive seismic isolation system with displacement kinematic pillars and the effectiveness of the application of graphs of kinematic seismic isolation bearings for multi-storey buildings based on the results of numerical experiments using the method of statistical tests.

Conclusion. Application of kinematic supports, with "power-move" described by the specified in the work of a non-linear function, allows you to reduce the seismic loads on buildings and distortions of floors 2 or more times. Kinematic bases are more effective when high-frequency effects and in the buildings of the constructive solution of a height of not more than 5 floors.

145-154 609
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the study is to increase the physico-thermal and operational characteristics of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete with an activated binder by pre-heating the mixture.

Method. To conduct the study, a technique was developed by the Research Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete named after A.A. Gvozdev.

Results. An analysis of the study results of the effect of preliminary electric heating on the physico-thermal characteristics of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete on the basis of a composite binder showed that, in comparison with drying at a temperature of 105º, the operational properties of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete are enhanced by uniform heating of the samples along the concrete body. This isdue to the pore pressure in the concrete structure being reduced by removing physically bound water. Ceramsite is used as large filler while ceramsite sand is used as small filler; activated composite combination of local mineral raw materials consisting of Portland cement and calcined argillic clay is used as a binder. In the concrete body, due to the removal of physically bound water caused by the decrease in pore pressure, the formation of cracks in the interporal partitions decreases, preventing the explosive destruction of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete and improves its physico-mechanical, thermal and operational characteristics. Activated composite binder based on the combination of Portland cement and fine ground argillite clay reduces shrinkage deformations and increases the concrete strength as well as its heat resistance. Concretes with activated composite binder are less susceptible to volume change during the heating process,contributing to greater preservation of concrete strength and structure due to lower stress levels caused by the temperature deformations.

Conclusion. The composition of the developed heat-resistant ceramsite concrete allows its use for monolithic lining of the walls of a tunnel kiln for burning ceramic bricks, as well as various concreting furnaces for the construction industry. The conducted research demonstrates the possibility and expediency of using electric heating for the hardening of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete with a composite binder. The use of electric heating increases the strength of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete both before and after heating to high temperatures. Optimised modes of electric heating of heat-resistant ceramsite concrete with a composite binder are established.

155-164 638
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of the study is a parametric analysis of the stress-free lining of a pressureless hydraulic tunnel of circular section, and adjacent anisotropic rock from its own weight of the ground medium at different ratios of the elastic characteristics of the ground medium in orthogonal directions using a transversely isotropic medium model.

Method. The calculation of a large-length hydraulic tunnel laid in strong transversely isotropic rocky ground is reduced to the problem of plane deformation of the theory of elasticity for a transversely isotropic medium containing tunnel development. A model of a transversely isotropic medium (a special case of an anisotropic medium) was used, in which the ground in one plane possesses the characteristics of an isotropic medium (the isotropy plane), and in the perpendicular direction, characteristics different from the isotropic medium. The finite element method was used using the ANSYS software package. The sizes and type of the finite element suitable for calculation on the basis of the solution in the program complex of the verification task were previously determined. The Kirsch problem was accepted as the verification problem.

Result. The relative tangential stresses on the outer and inner lining contour, which allow reinforcement of the concrete lining at different depths of the tunnel, are determined. The tangential stresses in the adjacent rock massif are determined, allowing, if necessary, to assess the strength of the soil on the lining contour.

Conclusion. The results of the study showed that the degree of anisotropy of the elastic properties of the soil massif significantly affects the stress state. When designing underground structures, it is neces-sary to take into account the anisotropy of the elastic properties of the soil mass; define in detail the physicomechanical properties of rocky soils and pay special attention to elastic characteristics. Ac-counting for transversal-isotropy leads to both an increase and a decrease in tangential stresses in the lining of the tunnel and in the rocky soil on the lining contour. In some respects, the elastic character-istics in orthogonal directions, in the lining and in the soil on the lining contour, there are no tensile stresses, which favorably affects the operation of the hydraulic tunnel.

165-174 616
Abstract

Objectives. The article describes an electronic model of the soil to study its rheological properties and study the process of cutting passive working bodies (knives) of mineral soils with trench-less method of building a closed drainage.

Method. The essence of the method consists in cutting through the ground with the help of a passive working body of a narrow slit under a given slope and simultaneously laying a drainage (usually plastic) pipe with a filter on its bottom.

Result. The trenchless method is characterized by the possibility of laying pipes at high speeds, the simplicity of the design of drainage machines and, most importantly, the possibility of building drainage in water-saturated and collapsing mineral soils. A big advantage is the possibility of using a drainage machine with a trenchless method in conditions of small slopes with a sufficient length of stacked drains.

Conclusion. The study of the process of cutting mineral soils with narrow, deep knives on an electronic model makes it possible, at the design stage, to evaluate the effect of changes in various factors and parameters on the operating modes of the drainage machine; if necessary, make changes to the complex of works on the construction of drainage using the trenchless method with the help of the BDM-300 bed-draining machine, as well as to determine the composition and duration of the work operations of the trench-free bed-draining machine.

175-184 743
Abstract

Objectives. Improving the quality of road bitumen is currently particularly relevant, since allows you to extend the life of road asphalt coatings with the ever-increasing fleet of cars. The main task of research was to study the effect of used oils on the process of structure formation of oxidized bitumen.

Method. The introduction of additives of different nature, i.e. its modification, both itself and raw materials, is one of the main ways to improve the physicomechanical properties of bitumens. Introduction to bitumen of small additives containing carboxyl groups, hydroxy acids and resin acids allows one to control not only the adhesion properties of bitumens, but also to ensure the stability of the asphalt concrete mixture at high temperatures. As components of a polyfunctional modifier, to improve the physicochemical and physicomechanical properties of bitumen and their asphalt concrete, the following distilled talovoe oil TU 13-00281074-26-95, petaerythritol GOST 9286-76 and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer are proposed. -97.

Result. A technology has been developed to draw used oils into tars in order to obtain high-quality road bitumen grades BND 60/90 and to investigate the qualitative characteristics of bitumen raw materials, used synthetic and mineral oils and bitumen. Waste oils with deter-gent - dispersant additive CPD (colloidal dispersion of calcium carbonate in oil M-14 stabilized with calcium sulfonate, used in the preparation of motor fuels) can be used in the composition of the residual raw materials of refining processes as an activating additive.

Conclusion. Improvement of the physicomechanical properties of high-quality bitumen is possible by complex modification with various additives, which allows creating conditions for the long-term operation of pavements under the influence of modern traffic loads and adverse weather conditions. In order to obtain modified bitumen of improved quality, selection of modifying additives and the technology for their preparation are required.

185-193 682
Abstract

Objectives. The aim of this work is to study the theoretical aspects and technological possibilities of chemical activation and modification of organic clay raw materials of the Volga region in organic additives to obtain composite building materials based on previous work on the development of clay cement composites.

Method. In connection with the high physicochemical activity of clay and cement with respect to organic additives and mineral salts, expressed in the high adsorption activity and sensitivity of hydration processes, studies of the structure of clay were studied separately from cement. To determine the change in pH value of suspensions from clay and clay cement raw materials, the role of the influence of ECA products of treatment of aqueous-salt solutions of sodium chloride and ACF resin was studied.

Result. The results of the tests showed that by changing the pH values of the clay cement samples by the products of electrochemical activation of water-salt solutions, it is possible to actively influence the active centers of the surface of clay particles. The adsorption and capacity of the cation exchange of clay raw materials are reduced when they are modified with acetone formaldehyde resin.

Conclusion. The studies carried out to study the structure formation and the nature of the effect of the pH of the system environment on the process of the condensation of the ACF resin create the prerequisites for further research in the field of soil consolidation, their stabilization and enhance-ment of operational parameters.

194-211 677
Abstract

Objectives. The article reflects the results of the numerical analysis of the earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports. To this end, the problem is reduced to solving the nonlinear stochastic Cauchy problem. The solution is constructed by the method of successive approximations. The probabilistic characteristics of the oscillation of the building are determined without the use of linearization techniques. An algorithm for solving this problem, which allows to perform numerical experiments on a computer to study the operation of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic sup-ports, is given.

Method. The acceleration of the earth's surface during an earthquake is represented as a non-stationary random Gaussian process. This approach is now generally accepted and beyond doubt. The study of vibrations of the building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes is reduced to the solution of the stochastic nonlinear Cauchy equation. This equation is solved by iteration. The acceleration of the earth's surface is a function of three random variables. The required probability is represented as a triple integral, which is calculated using a computer.

Result. The basic information about the considered kinematic supports is given. The Cauchy problem is formulated for the case of oscillations of a earthquake-resistant building on kinematic supports under the influence of strong earthquakes. The algorithm allowing to solve this equation is described in detail. The probability of finding the movements of the building within certain limits is represented as a triple integral. The results of numerical experiments carried out on a computer are given. The corresponding graphs are constructed using real accelerograms of strong earthquakes that occurred in the cities of Taft (USA) and Gazli (Uzbekistan).

Conclusion. This article describes the method of calculation of earthquake-resistant buildings on kinematic supports, using the data of real strong earthquakes. Based on the results of numerical experiments conducted on a computer, graphs of the reliability of seismic stability of the building in earthquakes. The constructed algorithm and the developed technique can be used in the calculation and design of earthquake-resistant buildings both on conventional supports and on kinematic supports.

212-220 772
Abstract

Objectives. Study of the problems associated with the possibility of the effective use of substandard sand dunes of the Shelkovskoye deposit as a mineral additive for the production of fine-ground binders and the enrichment of rock crushing screenings.

Method. They are based on the established principles of the theory of hardening repair modified compositions with the integrated use of vibroactivated mineral and polymer components, and in particular, the filled system “Portland cement - sandstone - C-3”, as well as mathematical logic and technology of composite materials. The studies were carried out taking into account current state standards and recommendations.

Result. The results of the study of local sand dunes and rock crushing screenings are presented for obtaining enriched aggregates with optimal granulometry and properties. Repair compositions were obtained with the use of polymineral sand sand, which are part of the activated binder as a filler, and which are one of the main components of the enriched aggregate.

Conclusion. The optimal formulation of enriched sand was established, with removal of 60% of the fraction 2.5 - 1.25 mm from the crushing screenings and the addition of 40% of the fraction of 0.315 - 0.14 mm of sand sand, which significantly reduces the void content of the aggregate to 38.8% and the water requirement of the aggregate to 6.5%, significantly improving the properties of the repair compositions obtained with their use. It has been proved that the studied sand dunes with a characteristic mineralogical, chemical and particle size distribution are an effective component.

221-230 595
Abstract

Objectives. The purpose of this study is to study the increase in turnover of formwork and reduce the complexity of formwork for monolithic foam concrete by regulating its properties through the optimal use of local aggregates of the Republic of Daghestan and industrial waste. In particular, the experimental work used cement grade M500, silica filler - deposits of quartz sand in Kumtorkala district of the Republic of Daghestan with a low module of size, various synthetic foaming agents, perlite sand, ground expanded clay sand (Kizilyurt, Republic of Daghestan),stone crushing roar (Kizilyurt).

Method. In the production of foam concrete, a method was used in which foam was prepared in the foam generator, then a solution of cement, filler and water was prepared. Then the foam is mixed with a solution in a foam mixer until a set of appropriate multiplicity. (Multiplicity in this case was defined as the ratio of the volume of the foam concrete mixing solution after mixing to the volume of the solution before mixing). During the study, the water-cement ratio was determined using three types of aggregates (expanded clay sand, quartz sand deposits Kumtorkala district and perlite sand). The turn-over rate of the concrete mixture was determined using the Attard viscometer.

Result. The results of studies have shown that with an increase in the water-cement ratio using three types of aggregates (expanded clay sand, quartz sand deposits Kumtorkala district and perlite sand ) will increase the flow rate of the foam concrete mixture.

Conclusion. At the same values of the water-cement ratio, the mixture with a filler of perlite sand has the lowest fluidity, which in turn affects the further structure formation of foam concrete and allows you to choose the optimal composition with the desired properties. The possibility of increasing the turnover of artwork and reducing the complexity of artwork work for monolithic foam concrete by regulating its properties due to the optimal use of local aggregates of the Republic of Daghestan and industrial waste.

ECONOMIC SCIENCE

231-240 836
Abstract

Objectives. This study is aimed at identifying the specifics of managing current assets in construction enterprises and developing a set of practical measures that can enhance the efficiency of their use.

Method. In the course of the study, a system approach was taken, comparative and functional-cost analysis methods.

Result. It is shownthatthe specifics of current assetformation in construction industry is to be taken into account when developing a conceptual basis for managinga construction enterprise. Methodological approaches to the estimation of current assets are described, the most effective of which facilitate the optimal choice of sources, forms and volume of attracting current assets into construction industry. A set of practical measures for organizing a system of current asset management in construction enterprises is proposed. These measures are expected to provide for the rational formation and use of all the constituent components of this system.

Conclusion. The methodological approaches to the estimation of current assets, criteria for making managerial decisions, management strategy development stage sand methodological provisions for the organisation of the management of current assets presented in this papercan be used as a methodological basis for managing the working assets of a construction enterprise, thuscontributing to improved management efficiency and creating conditions for sustainable functionality. Every managerial decisionrelated to determining the level of financial assets, accounts receivable and inventories should be considered from the standpoint of both the profitability of these assets and the optimal structure of current assets, thus requiring respective management levers. The implementation of the basic requirements for the management of current assets necessitates the application of anti-risk expert-analytical procedures, including those related to the functioning of the corporate information management system.



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ISSN 2073-6185 (Print)
ISSN 2542-095X (Online)