Objectives The use of additive technologies is one of the promising areas for improving the production of products for various purposes in the transition to a digital economy. Method. Layered construction of objects of complex shape in accordance with the developed solid-state model from materials with different mechanical and thermal properties allows directionally controlling the distribution of various components in the volume of the composite material and forming topological structures that provide a rational balance between various performance characteristics and reliability of the product. Result. Based on experimental studies, it has been established that reinforcing topological reinforcement of 3D printing objects made from ABS plastic with a composite consisting of carbon fibers and ED-20 epoxy resin, along with an increase in flexural strength and tensile strength, contributes to an increase in thermal conductivity of the material by more than 18% and thermal diffusivity - by 20%. A computer simulation of elementary cells of a composite material consisting of a polymer matrix, carbon fiber and special core inclusions with high thermal conductivity was performed, which made it possible to further increase thermal conductivity depending on the relative fiber diameter and the percentage of the additional component in an amount from 46 to 75%. Conclusion It is shown that additive technologies are an effective tool for creating universal topologies that allow technologically managing a combination of both mechanical and thermophysical properties of structural materials by determining the rational relative position of their components depending on the purpose and level of achievement of the required characteristics. 

Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a thermoelectric device for the treatment of felon, its mathematical modeling, experimental tests of the laboratory model of the device, the study of thermal processes occurring in it. Method. A design of a thermoelectric device for the treatment of felon, providing the possibility of both uniform and contrasting therapeutic heat effects on the fingers is proposed. Result. A mathematical model of the device has been developed, implemented on the basis of solving a non-stationary two-dimensional heat conduction problem for a system of complex configuration with boundary conditions of the second and third kind. Experimental studies of the device were carried out on a specially designed test bench for checking the adequacy of the mathematical model. A two-dimensional non-stationary heat conduction problem was solved for a complex system with a rectangular geometry of fragments and heat sources. The temperature change of various points of the “device-object” system of exposure in space and in time at various values of the cooling and heating capacity of a thermoelectric battery (TEB) was studied. Comparison of calculated and experimental data. Conclusion. The results of research have shown the effectiveness of the use of the developed device for the implementation of thermal procedures in the treatment of felon in terms of efficiency, versatility, impact reliability, comfort and accuracy of maintaining temperature conditions. It is shown that it is possible to increase the efficiency of the device using a combination of thermopile operation modes (maximum cooling capacity and maximum coefficient of  performance), as well as improving the intensity of heat removal from its reference junctions.

Objectives The purpose of the article is to simulate and theoretical study of the thermoelectric system (TPP) for intracavitary hypothermia, the study of the processes occurring in it taking into account the influence of the parameters of the object of influence and characteristics of a thermoelectric battery (TEB). Method A physical model of thermal power plants for intracavitary hypothermia, consisting of two thermopiles, interconnected through an all-metal thermal bridge, equipped with an acting tip and a liquid heat exchanger is proposed. A quasi-stationary mathematical model of thermal power plants has been developed as a set of interconnected heat exchange systems, thermopile and heat conductor characterized by heat capacity, thermal conductivity and thermal resistance, which allows us to estimate the duration of the device output to the operating mode, taking into account the thermal properties of the biological object. Result The dependences of the temperature change of different parts of TPPs in time are obtained for the case of operation of the device in idling mode and in the presence of heat load. The temporal variation of the temperature of the object of influence, the conductor, the heat pipe and the heat exchanger at different currents of supply of thermopile and also for different values of the temperature of the liquid in the heat exchanger is considered. Conclusion It is established that without load, the temperature of the acting tip stabilizes in approximately 4–4.5 minutes. At the same time, an increase in the current strength of an additional thermopile from 5 to 15 A at the current supply of the main thermopile 50 A reduces the operating value of T from 235 K to 220 K. During the procedures, the required level of laryngeal tissue temperature decrease (273 K) can be achieved at the main power supply current and additional thermopile, respectively, equal to 25 and 10 A after 2 min. At a fixed temperature of the reference junctions of the main thermopile, the limiting decrease in the temperature of the acting tip is limited by the magnitude of the optimal thermopile current. It is possible to obtain deeper cooling at a given value of the supply current by reducing the temperature of the reference junctions of the main thermopile. 

Objectives The analysis of the features of application of fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials (PCM) of different nature in the structural elements of aviation technology and methods of increasing the strength of their products. Method It is indicated on the positive effect on the strength of the bending stress and interlayer shear finish treatment of cured PCM in the microwave electromagnetic field. It is noted that the peculiarity of the elements of the skin of PCM is the presence in the surface layer of the built-in metal mesh, or lightning-proof coating (MFP), necessary to ensure the stability of structural elements to the effects of atmospheric electricity discharges. Result. The tests of the control and processed in the microwave electromagnetic field samples from PCM with MSP on low-cycle fatigue at the number of loading cycles-60 and strain amplitudes-10 mm. it was Found that in the control samples with the grid MEU primary crack appears after 6 cycles. After microwave processing, the samples retain their integrity, but the load causing the set deformation is reduced by 14% already on the 35th cycle. Conclusion Durability of samples with the heat-treated grid "Тekstilmash" and with a grid without heat treatment after influence of microwave electromagnetic field increases respectively by 59,5% and 71%. At the same time, the samples retain their integrity after 60 loading cycles, and the maximum stresses are reduced by 13.7% and 5.8%, respectively, compared to static tests. The limit of low-cycle fatigue increases  after microwave treatment from 37 to 210%.

Objectives The most important problem of modern mechanical engineering is increase in durability of products, their efficiency and competitiveness in the world market. The equipment for machining creates the increased noise levels in a working zone of operators. Now regularities of formation of acoustic characteristics are studied generally for metal-cutting and woodworking machines of various types. Formation of the sound field at shariko-rod hardening is studied insufficiently. The purpose of researches which results are given in this article consisted in studying of regularities of spectral structure of noise and vibrations when processing ShSU of details with various ways of fixing. Method. In the course of pilot studies the known methods of measurement and processing of experimental data in relation to acoustic and vibration characteristics were used. Results. It is established that noise ranges at ShSU of details with various ways of fixing have identical regularities of a shumoobrazovaniye and are characterized by pronounced high-frequency character. It is proved that the dominating sources yaa-lyatsya the strengthened detail and an uprochnitel. Conclusion. Sizes of excesses of levels of sound pressure systems "up-rochnitel-detal2 in a high-frequency part of a range 500-8000gts are installed. The established regularities of formation of spectral structure are a basis for the choice of means of decrease in noise levels. Work is performed within initiative research work.

Objectives Perfecting of the existing schemes of water delivery in the pure tank on a pressure piping and increase in efficiency of submersible pumps on water intaking constructions from underground sources. Discusses the negative manifestations in the operation of water intaking constructions from underground. In the mode of operation of each pump is influenced by external and internal characteristics of the system wells – submersible pump – common culvert – the clean water tank. Methods Mathematical model operation of management process of collaboration of system a water well – a prefabricated conduit with definite forms of boundary conditions. Schemes of an arrangement are shown of water wells and a prefabricated conduit. Results Interference of a duty of certain wells and a prefabricated conduit is studied, unstable work of submersible pumps is defined. The scheme of water delivery is presented to the pure tank on separate pressure pressure lines. To ensure the stability of the pumping equipment, the characteristics of the diameter of the water conduit (its hydraulic resistance) are determined depending on the total hydraulic resistance of the well equipment (well filter, pump, fittings) and the well pipeline. Monitoring of water intake structures allows you to set technical indicators for choosing an independent scheme, to choose the right equipment, taking into account the joint operation of the system borehole - submersible pump - collecting water conduit - RFI. Conclusion Energetically optimal work of water intake structures with separate pressure lines, helps to reduce water losses, while achieving significant savings in electricity. The most favorable for the submersible pump is work on the clean water tank, and not on the prefabricated conduit.

Objectives In order to improve the security of departmental information technology systems and the rationality of the financial costs of hardware solutions in such systems, it is advisable to develop a simulation model of the information technology system of an internal affairs authority (ITS ATS) connected to the Internet to determine the likelihood of damage occurring denial of service attacks. Lead and clarify for the ITS ATS a classification of modern-time complex ITS, which will allow identifying possible threats to the ITS information resource ATS based on open federal and departmental regulatory documents in connection with Internet connection. Further development of the ATS ITS model was done in the Anylogic simulation environment, which makes it possible to simulate a denial of service attack on a departmental resource and investigate the likelihood of damage occurring. The expressions from the apparatus of queuing systems are given, which allow modeling the attack and calculating the probability of damage occurrence, which is advisable to use when designing such systems in ATS. Method. Analytical and mathematical modeling using the apparatus of queuing systems. Result. A simulation model of ITS ATS is proposed, which allows to determine the probability of a destructive impact on the departmental resources of such systems. Conclusion. The direction of this study is relevant and requires further development in order to develop a methodology for assessing
the occurrence of damage in ITS ATS. 

Objectives The aim of the study is to develop a method for estimating the speed of seismic waves in different directions of propagation and by taking into account the dimensions of the focus, reducing the error in determining the coordinates of the hypocenter. Method To find the hypocenter of the earthquake, the data of the seismic wave velocities, the differences in the times of arrival of seismic waves on seismic sensors and the error in determining the time difference are used. The data with an error determine the coordinates of the hypocenter using information from various combinations of seismic sensors. Processing the resulting array of coordinates, estimates the seismic wave velocities / or determines the spatial shape of the earthquake source and the coordinates of the hypocenter. According to the coordinates of the cinema center, the differences in the travel time of seismic waves are corrected and the distances to the seismic sensors are refined. Results After preliminary determination of the coordinates and shape of the earthquake source, if there are a large number of seismic sensors, it is possible to clarify the coordinates of the earthquake hypocenter taking into account the recommendations given in the works. Conclusion Using the proposed method implies the presence of a large number of sensors to determine the complex shape, the earthquake source. 

Objectives The policy of the state microcredit system should be aimed at achieving the maximum possible value of the indicators I.MFO, IB, IB and IBH. The greater the value of all of the introduced indicators IB, IFO, IB, IB and IB, the more effective from the point of view of state interests is the system of micro crediting . Method. The BLI and Diener models were used to assess the quality of life in terms of the possibilities and feasibility of using them to assess the effectiveness of the microcredit system. Result. In this paper, the formation of a composition of indicators to assess the effectiveness of the microcredit system based on the indicators considered in the proposed models is carried out. A variant is proposed for constructing an integral indicator for assessing the effectiveness of both the microcredit system as a whole and a separate microfinance organization (MFI). A list of 21 indicators was compiled, on the basis of which an integral indicator of the functioning of the MFO system was built. Conclusion. A set of indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of the microcredit system has been formed. Relations have been formed to estimate the value of the integral indicator of the effectiveness of the microcredit system, both at the level of the entire state and at the level of an individual region, which makes it possible to compare individual regions and states according to the
degree of effectiveness of microcredit systems in them. 

Objective. The increase in the efficiency of functioning of the (credit) organization due to the realization of procedure of the horizontal, vertical and trend (microscopic) financial analysis based on the formed innovative analytical coefficients system in the parametrical cognitive models block. Method. The financial analysis of the highly-integrated enterprises and (credit) organizations. Result. The innovative parametrical cognitive models block is the information basis of the (microscopic) financial analysis, contains the cognitive models for the horizontal, vertical and trend financial analysis of the enterprise or (credit) organization based on the formed analytical coefficients system, each from which acts as the difficult repertoire of parameters (indicators), echeloned to a number of portraits and stratificated to the several independent sets located on two different levels of the specified hierarchy (structure). Conclusion. The financial analysis of the highly-integrated (credit) organizations initiates the need of the accounting of a wide range of the different scientific fundamental and applied directions of modern science, and also causes the need of use of the innovative device of research. 

Objectives The environmental factors at the fire that affect the efficiency of the operational activities of fire and rescue units in an unfit environment for breathing and statistical information on the functioning of the gas and smoke protection service in regions of the Russian Federation are given. Method The methodology for conducting experiments with groups of reconnaissance to search for an injured firefighter is given. A description of the location of the experiment and the algorithm for the movement of reconnaissance groups are presented. Result Results of experiments on the actions of the units of gas and smoke protective service inside fire object on search of the injured firefighter who is in unconsciousness are given. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of premises without lighting and with influence of noise hindrances to staff of groups of reconnaissance. The results of the experiments confirm the need of identification of firefighters at the site of a fire by of sensors of a motionless state and light reflecting elements of clothes and equipment. The results of the experiments are correlated with previously conducted experiments to study the time of fire reconnaissance in the premises of residential and public buildings. The necessity of the research of the parameters of the work of groups of reconnaissance at various sites on the basis of the temporal parameters of the work of gas and smoke defenders has been determined. Conclusion The positive influence of the presence factor of immobile sensors in the personnel of fire and rescue units operating in conditions unsuitable for breathing environment has been established. The proposed directions for the research of organizational systems for the management of fire departments at the fire. 

Objectives. The main goal of the article is to present the developed method for the experimental determination of convective heat transfer coefficients, suitable for studying the internal convection of models of complex configuration. Method. The study of free convection under the conditions of an internal problem was carried out by determining the conditional thickness of the boundary layer by a graphic method. The first was the selection of the calculated sections and planes for the experimental installation. The selection is carried out in such a way that the calculated planes are perpendicular to the heated walls of the channel in question. Installation of an experimental model is possible only in a room with low internal air mobility, as well as a stable temperature. In this room there should not be heating and heating devices that can create strong convective currents near the channel of the experimental installation. Result. The article presents the results of an experimental study to determine the temperature distribution of the air flow and average convective heat transfer coefficients over the height of the ventilation channel. A decrease in convective heat transfer coefficients at an altitude of 0.5 to 1 meter occurs less noticeably than at an altitude of 1 to 2 meters, which is associated with the restoration of flow after a vent removal. At the stabilization section, there is first a gradual decrease, and then an increase in axial velocity, which is caused by the merging of multidirectional air flows in this area. Conclusion. It was revealed that in the case of modeling free convection under the conditions of an internal problem in the presence of heat-removing boundaries  within the limits of the calculated temperature difference, taking into account the flow turbulization has practically no effect on the final results.

Objectives. The finite element method for cracked reinforced concrete slabs analysis after they were reinforced with composite fabrics in order to determine the residual safety factor is considered. Method. The method is based on the use of algorithms for calculating of structures with the account of the geometrical and physical nonlinearities, implemented in the PRINS program. These algorithms assume the use of the same calculation scheme in the process of the problem solving. However, the specifics of the assigned problem is that the design sсheme of the structure before the appearance of defects in it and after its amplification with the help of composite materials should change. Result. Taking into account this circumstance, the algorithms of nonlinear calculation of structures under the PRINS program were supplemented with an option that allows changing the parameters of the design scheme in the process of through calculation. To study the bearing capacity of reinforced concrete slabs, multilayer finite elements are used, for each of which a specific package of materials is specified. Modernization of the design scheme in this case comes down to replacing one package of materials with another. An example of calculation of a slab with a crack reinforced with composite fabric is given. Conclusion. It is shown that the use of a tunable design scheme can significantly improve the accuracy of calculations. In this case, the final result depends on what stage of the formation of defects in the slab its strengthening is realized. The special  multilayered finite elements of a quadrangular shape are used in calculations. The elements consist of four simple triangles, for which most of the matrix characteristics are calculated in a closed form. This is especially important when carrying out nonlinear calculations that require repeated computations of these characteristics. 

Objectives. The problems of production of porous gypsum products on a local gypsum binder in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic are considered. Method. The study is based on the method of "dry" mineralization of foams, developed at the Moscow State University of Civil Engineering. As the source materials used plaster binder brand G-6 Ust-Dzhegutinsky plaster plant. An alkyl dimethylamine oxide (amine oxide) foaming agent was chosen as a foaming agent (PO). The choice of software is made taking into account its compatibility with the gypsum binder. At the same time, software of various classes was studied. Studies were performed to obtain foamed gypsum with an average density of 900 kg / m3. Result. A technology for the production of foam gypsum is proposed, based on the technology for the production of foam concrete by the method of “dry” mineralization of foams. The choice of foaming agent was made by comparative evaluation of the studied parameters of foaming agents of various classes. A technique has been developed for designing foamed gypsum formulations to produce products of a given average density. The technique includes the determination of the flow rate of HS, water flow and foaming agent, the determination of the B / T ratio. It was proposed to design the GHG compositions based on a given design average material density (), which in this case is equal to the consumption of dihydrate gypsum (CaSO42H2O). In the proposed method of obtaining foam – gypsum masses, the distinctive feature is the use of the technological properties of dense foams with low multiplicity. The boundary conditions for obtaining wall foam-gypsum products from a local gypsum binder that meet the requirements of GOST have been determined. Conclusion. Using modern research methods, it has been established that foam-hypo products from Ust-Dzhegutinsky gypsum of grade G-6 meet the requirements of standards for building heat-insulating and construction-heatinsulating products with a density of 400-1000 kg / m 3.

Objectives. The aim of the study is to carry out a parametric analysis of the stress state of an anisotropic rock massif on the contours of the workings of a system of three parallel circular tunnels without lining due to the mass of the massif, for various ratios of the elastic characteristics of the rock massif in orthogonal directions, and at different distances del transverse isotropic medium. Method. The calculation of a system of three parallel tunnels without a large extension lining, laid in a strong transversely isotropic rock massif, is reduced to the problem of plane deformation of the theory of elasticity for a transversely isotropic medium containing parallel workings. A model of a transversely isotropic medium (a special case of an anisotropic medium) is used, in which the rock massif in one plane has the characteristics of an isotropic medium (the isotropy plane), and in the perpendicular direction, characteristics different from the isotropic medium. The stress state was investigated by the finite element method using the ANSYS software package. The sizes and type of the finite element suitable for calculation on the basis of the solution in the program complex of the verification task were previously determined. The Kirsch problem was accepted as the verification problem. Result. The relative tangential stresses on the contours of three parallel tunnels were determined depending on the degree of anisotropy of the rock mass and depending on the distance between parallel tunnels. The influence of the distance between the tunnels on the stress state on the contours of three parallel tunnels was evaluated, depending on the degree of anisotropy.Conclusion. The results of a parametric analysis of the system of three parallel free-flow tunnels without lining, depending on the degree of anisotropy of the rock mass and the distance between the tunnels, show that the stress state is significantly affected by the degree of anisotropy of the elastic properties of the soil massif and the distance between the tunnels. When designing underground structures, it is necessary to take into account the anisotropy of the elastic properties of the soil mass. It is also necessary to determine in more detail the physical and mechanical properties of rocky soils and pay special attention to elastic characteristics. As studies have shown, taking into account transverse-isotropy and the distance between the tunnels leads to both an increase and a decrease in tangential stresses on the contours of parallel tunnels. At some ratios of elastic characteristics in orthogonal directions, regardless of the distance between the tunnels, there are no tensile stresses on the contours of the tunnels, which favorably affects the operation of the hydraulic tunnel.