Reducing the negative impact on the environment by optimizing the consumption of components for the preparation of deicing mixtures

Objective. The objective of this study is to improve technologies and mechanization for combating snow drifts and ice in the Donbas region by using technology and anti-icing materials adapted to the region's climatic conditions and ensuring minimal environmental impact, specifically, by optimizing the use of anti-icing mixtures.
Method. Experimental, computational, and analytical methods enabled the following results and conclusions to be reached.
Result. New methods for streamlining the preparation of anti-icing mixtures, distributing materials, and expanding the use of existing equipment are considered. A method for quickly calculating the composition of anti-icing mixture components is proposed.
Conclusion. The data obtained serve as a basis for further implementation of effective and environmentally balanced technologies for improving safety, in particular, the rational use of deicing materials and operational calculations for forming deicing mixtures with a balanced composition.

1. Makeeva D.A., Kralin A.K. Increasing the level of environmental safety by reusing deicing friction materials [Electronic resource] Bulletin of the Engineering School of the Far Eastern Federal University. 2022; 1 (50):112–122. – URL: https://doi.org/10.24866/2227-6858/2022-1/112-122 (accessed: 23.01.2026).

2. http://donnasa.ru/publish_house/journals/sd/2022/sd_2022-1.pdf (accessed: 23.01.2026). Kralin A.K., Makeeva D.A. Research of Anti-Ice Material Dust for Reuse [Electronic resource] Scientific and Practical Journal "Donbass Builder". 2021;5:(18).

3. Kralin A.K., Makeeva D.A., Aseev D.G. Minimization of anthropogenic impact on the environment during mechanized distribution of deicing materials [Electronic resource] Bulletin of the Donbass National Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 2022;5(157):68–77 http://donnasa.ru/publish_house/journals/vestnik/2022/vestnik_2022-5(157).pdf (accessed: 23.01.2026).

4. Kelting D.L., Laxson C.L. Review of effects and costs of road de-icing with recommendations for winter road management in the Adirondack Park. Adirondack Watershed Institute [Electronic resource]. 2010; https://www.protectadks.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Road_Deicing-1.pdf (accessed: 23.01.2026).

5. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency (MPCA). (2020). MS4 fact sheet-winter road materials management. – https://stormwater.pca.state.mn.us/index.php?title=MS4_fact_sheet_-_Winter_Road_Materials_Management (accessed on 23.01.2026).

6. Frolova E.A., Kondakov D.F., Sveshnikova L.B. Application of Physical and Chemical Analysis in the Development and Research of Deicing Agents [Electronic resource]. Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. 2019; 64(9):984–987https://sciencejournals.ru/viewarticle/?j=nergkhim&y=2019&-v=64&n=9&a=NergKhim1909020Skiba (accessed: 05.11.2025).

7. Barsukov, P.A. Influence of deicing agents on the properties of roadside lawn soils in Novosibirsk / P.A. Barsukov, O.A. Rusalimova. Soils and the Environment. 2024; 7( 2): DOI 10.31251/pos.v7i2.265. – EDN KXSFVS. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=70646066 (date of reference: 05.11.2025).

8. Kozyr D.A. Assessment of environmental risk in the management of subsurface use waste. Scientific and Methodological journal XXI CENTURY: Results of the past and the problems of the present plus. Penza State Technological University. 2024;4(68)13:244-251. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=79508320 (date of request: 01/27/2026).

9. Åkerblom G., Mjӧnes L. Exposure to workers in swedish quarrying Åkerblom Swedish Radiation Protection Authority SE-171 16 Stockholm, Sweden. – URL: https://www.ena-norm.eu/wpcontent/uploads/-2018/03/N3_3.8.pdf – 04.11.2021 (дата обращения: 23.01.2026).

10. Akin M., Zhang Y., Shi X. Pavement Surface Treatments for Ice-Prone Locations in the Illinois Highway System; Illinois Center for Transportation, Rantoul, IL, USA, 2018. – URL: https://www.ideals.illinois.edu/items/108738 (дата обращения: 23.01.2026).

11. Andrius Ružinskas, Matas Bulevičius, Henrikas Sivilevičius. Laboratory investigation and efficiency of deicing materials used in road maintenance. https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/Transport/search/search (дата обращения: 23.01.2026).

12. Labashosky S. The salty truth: Revealing the need for stricter road salt application and storage regulations in the United States. Villanova Law Environmental Law Journal. 2015;26 – URL: https://books.google.ru/books?id=TNhSDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y (дата обращения: 23.01.2026).

13. Shi X., Fu L. (Eds.). Sustainable Winter Road Operations. Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken, NJ, USA, 2018;512 https://litbit.ru/edition/fu-liping-shi-xianming/sustainable-winter-road-operations (дата обращения: 15.04.2023).

14. Vakorin A.R., Sviyazov E.M. Neural Network System for Forecasting Ice in the City of Perm [Electronic resource] Artificial Intelligence in Solving Current Social and Economic Problems of the 21st Century: Collection of Articles Based on the Materials of the Seventh All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation, Perm, October 21–22, 2021. Perm:Perm State National Research University. Univ., 2021;321-327. https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=47141136 (date of access: 01/28/2023).

15. Pavlovskaya S.S. Review of existing means of assessing the condition of the road surface after the use of reagents and methods of combating winter slipperiness [Electronic resource] // Actual issues of technical sciences: proceedings of the III International Scientific Conference. (Perm, April 2015). – Perm: Zebra, 2015;125-128. – URL: https://moluch.ru/conf/tech/archive/125/7813 (date of request: (date of request: 01/23/2026).

16. Gusev, L.M. Combating Slipperiness on Urban Roads [Electronic resource]. Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1964. 102 p. URL: https://search.rsl.ru/ru/record/01006101779 (accessed: 02.02.2023).__ 17. Kormz. Manufacturer of Road Machinery: website. – Kemerovo, 2000 -.- URL: http://kormz.ru/company.html (accessed on 09.05.2024). – Text: electronic. 18. LLC Avtocentr-Tekhnika. Dorozhnaya Tekhnika: website – Orenburg, 2015 -.- URL: http://avtocentr56.ru/ (accessed on 23.01.2026) – Text: electronic.

17. Tsupikov S.G. Machines for construction, repair and maintenance of highways: a textbook / Tsupikov S.G., Kazachek N.S. — Moscow: Infra-Engineering, 2018; 184 p. — ISBN 978-5-9729-0226-2. — Text: electronic // Electronic library system IPR BOOKS: [website] (date of reference: 01/23/2026).

18. Ogorodnikova E.N. Secondary resources for the road industry – ashes of thermal power plants and slags of ferrous metallurgy : a textbook / Ogorodnikova E.N., Baraboshkina T.A., Mymrin V.A. — Moscow : Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 2013;244 p. — ISBN 978-5-209-05419-1. — Text : electronic // IPR BOOKS electronic Library system : [website]. — URL: https://www.iprbookshop.ru/22166.html (accessed on 23.01.2026). — Access mode: for authorized users.

19. Automation of production processes in the construction and operation of highways: a study guide for students of the 08.03.01 "Construction" major, profile "Highways" Makeyevka: Donbass National Academy of Construction and Architecture, EBS ASV, 2020; 102 p. — Text: electronic // Electronic Library System IPR BOOKS : [website]. — URL: https://www.iprbookshop.ru/99377.html (accessed on 23.01.2026). — Access mode: for authorized users.

20. Merdanov, Sh.M. Winter Road Maintenance: Monograph / Sh.M. Merdanov, A.L. Egorov. Tyumen: Tyumen Industrial University, 2020; 192 p. SBN 978-5-9961-2305-6. Text: electronic // IPR BOOKS Electronic Library System: [website]. https://www.iprbookshop.ru/115042.html (accessed: 10.12.2023).