MODEL OF AN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY SYSTEM FOR CONSTRUCTION

Objective. Every year, environmental issues are becoming more and more critical. Experts predict no more than ten years of reaching the point of no return when environmental problems will move into a phase of uncontrolled chaos. Most often, catastrophic changes are associated with climate warming due to greenhouse gas emissions from industry and transport. However, the root cause of everything, as established in the research by Slesarev et al., is the construction industry as the primary source of environmental problems. The problem of environmental safety especially concerns cities and large settlements. The conducted research has established that environmental safety is determined as the sum of the impacts of construction projects on a unit area of residential territory. For an objective assessment of environmental safety, environmental pollution, the impact of various factors, and the resulting effect of the indirect impact of construction projects on the environment were considered.

Methods. New conceptual approaches and principles were applied in assessing the environmental safety of construction sites and territories, taking into account the current environmental status of the built-up areas, which makes the problem of environmental safety manageable, and provides  modern and future generations with health, a comfortable environment, and health.

Results. As a result of process modeling, the "real estate concentration degree" ratio was adopted as an integrating concept of environmental safety
of the area, and the concepts of "environmental reserve," "environmental safety threshold," and "sustainable state range" were introduced. The stability ratio concept (rstab) is introduced, a method for calculating this  ratio is developed to assess the range of the sustainable environment state – the magnitude of the variation in the size of the ecological reserve depending on climatic conditions, time of day, week, year. As a result, the numerical values of the above-mentioned indicators for the studied areas are obtained. As the main document reflecting the state of the environmental safety of the construction object, the development of the environmental  facility certificate and the environmental area certificate is proposed. To create an environmental certificate, the structure of environmental safety  has been developed and justified, which includes four main blocks: external  environmental safety, internal environmental safety, energy efficiency, and  autonomy of the facility (area).

Conclusion. The proposed approach to the assessment of environmental safety makes it possible to reliably assess the possibilities of areas for the placement of construction projects with various industry-related potential, plan measures to ensure a range of sustainable conditions of the  areas, which ultimately ensures the quality of life and health of the population, a comfortable and safe environment of residential areas, as well as the wildlife preservation.

1. Vvedenskiy R.V. Handler S.G. Titova T.S. Vliyanie stroitel'stva tonnelej na okruzhayushchuyu sredu [Impact of tunnel construction on the environment] //Engineering and construction journal 2018. № .3 (79) С.140-149. (In Russ)

2. Ekologicheskaya doktrina Rossijskoj Federacii Rasporyazhenie Pravitel'stva Rossijskoj Federacii [Environmental Doctrine of the Russian Federation Order of the Government of the Russian Federation] of August 31, 2002 Nо. 1225-p. (In Russ)

3. Gyasov B.I., Ledenev V.I., Matveeva I.V. Metod rascheta shuma pri zerkal'no-rasseyannom otrazhenii zvuka [Method of calculation of noise at mirror-scattered reflection of sound] //Engineering and construction log. 2018. № 1(77). рр.13-22. (In Russ)

4. Minchenok E.E., Pakhomova N.A. Ocenka sostoyaniya gorodskih vodnyh ekosistem po gidrobiologicheskim pokazatelyam [Assessment of the state of urban aquatic ecosystems by hydrobiological indicators] //Theoretical and applied ecology. 2016. № 3. Page 48-55. (In Russ)

5. Hashirov T.Y., Lamerdonov Z.G., Zhaboyev S.A., Enaldieva M.A., Thabishimov M.M., Lamerdonov K.Z. Informacionnye tekhnologii i matematicheskoe modelirovanie pri proektirovanii beregozashchitnyh sooruzhenij [Information technologies and mathematical modeling in the design of safety structures] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2019. T. 23. No. 9. рр. 13-17. (In Russ)

6. Pisarenko P.V., Samoilik M.S., Plaksienko I.L., Kolesnikov L.A. Konceptual'nye osnovy obespecheniya resursnoekologicheskoj bezopasnosti v regione [Conceptual foundations for ensuring resource and environmental safety in the region] //Theoretical and applied ecology. 2019. № 2. рр. 137-142. (In Russ)

7. Ismailova S.T. Informational and analytical model of selection of management methods according to the degree of their influence on the efficiency of production activities of construction organizations/S.T. Ismailova, V.B. Melekhin, V.M. Khachumov// Vesnik DagGTU. Technical sciences. Herald of the Daghestan State Technical University 2017. Vol. 44. No. 3. C. 210-221. (In Russ)

8. Sokolskaya E.V., Kochurov B.I., Dolgov Yu.A., Lobkovsky V.A. Mnogofaktornaya model' kak osnova dlya upravleniya kachestvom okruzhayushchej sredy urbanizirovannyh territorij [Multi-factor model as the basis for environmental quality management of urbanized territories] //Theoretical and applied ecology. 2018. № 2. Page 26-34. (In Russ)

9. Galiulin R.V., Galiulin R.A., Kochurov B.I. Tekhnogennoe zagryaznenie okruzhayushchej sredy kancerogennymi veshchestvami [Technogenic environmental pollution with carcinogenic substances] //Theoretical and applied ecology. 2015. № 2. Р. 42. (In Russ)

10. Roeva N.N., Voronich S.S., Zaytsev D.A., Voronich N.S., Chernobyl A.G. O novom sposobe operativnogo opredeleniya moshchnosti promyshlennogo vybrosa zagryaznyayushchego veshchestva [On a new method of rapid determination of the power of industrial emission of pollutant ] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2019. T. 23. No. 12. рр. 34-37 (In Russ)

11. Maslova A.A., Panarin V.M., Grishakov K.V., Fishka N.A., Kotova E.A., Selezneva D.A. Применение искусственных нейронных сетей для прогнозирования уровней загрязнения воздуха и водных объектов [Use of artificial neural networks to predict levels of air and water pollution ] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2019. T. 23. No. 8. P 36-41. (In Russ)

12. Trofimenko Yu.V., Chijova V.S. Obosnovanie meropriyatij po snizheniyu riska zdorov'yu ot zagryazneniya vozduha vzveshennymi chasticami razmerom menee desyati mikrometrov (RM10) na ulichno-dorozhnoj seti gorodov [Justification of measures to reduce health risk from air pollution with suspended particles of less than ten micrometers (РМ10) on the street-road network of cities] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2019. T. 23. No. 7. Рр. 48-51. (In Russ)

13. Storozev Yu.I., Zlobin V.S. Perspektivnye resheniya ekologicheskih problem alyuminievyh zavodov [Promising Solutions to Environmental Problems of Aluminium Plants ] //Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2018. T. 22. No. 12. Рр. 10-13. (In Russ)

14. Vasenina I.V., Sushko V.A. Promyshlennaya ekologiya regiona i kachestvo zhizni mestnogo naseleniya [Industrial ecology of the region and quality of life of the local population] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2018. T. 22. No. 11. рр. 66-71(In Russ)

15. Golik V.I., Dmitry Yu.V., Mulukhov K.K., Vernigor V.V. Pylevoe zagryaznenie pri otkrytoj razrabotke mestorozhdenij [Dust pollution during open field development] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2018. T. 22. No. 6. Page 30-34. (In Russ)

16. Rio-de-ZHanejrskaya deklaraciya po okruzhayushchej srede i razvitiyu Prinyata Konferenciej OON po okruzhayushchej srede i razvitiyu, Rio-de-ZHanejro, 3–14 iyunya 1992 goda [Rio Declaration on Environment and Development Adopted by the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992] [Electronic resource]. 2019. (In Russ)

17. Tikunov V.S., Chereshnya O.Y. Indeks zagryazneniya i indeks napryazhyonnosti ekologicheskoj situacii v regionah Rossijskoj Federacii [Pollution index and environmental tension index in regions of the Russian Federation] //Theoretical and applied ecology. 2017. № 3. Page 34-38. (In Russ)

18. Meylanov I.M. Development of forms of state support for industrial construction projects/I.M. Meylanov, A.M. Esetova//Vesnik DagSTU. Technical sciences. Herald of the Daghestan State Technical University 2016. Volume 42. No. 3. S. 220-230. (In Russ)

19. Shishkin N.D., Ilin R.A., Atdayev D.I. Primenenie ekologicheski effektivnyh vertikal'no-osevyh vetroenergoustanovok dlya zapovednikov i nacional'nyh parkov yuga Rossii [Application of ecologically effective vertical-axial wind power plants for reserves and national parks of southern Russia] //Ecology and industry of Russia. 2019. T. 23. No. 11. рр. 43-49. (In Russ)

20. Kalner V.D. Ekologicheski orientirovannaya sreda obitaniya- integral'nyj kriterij kachestva zhizni [Ecologically Oriented Environment - Integral Criterion of Quality of Life] //Ecology and Industry of Russia. 2019. T. 23. No. 11. рр. 50-54. (In Russ)

21. Yablokov A.V., Levchenko V.F., Kerzhenov A.S. O koncepcii “upravlyaemoj evolyucii» kak al'ternative koncepcii «ustojchivogo razvitiya» [On the concept of "managed evolution" as an alternative to the concept of "sustainable development"] //Theoretical and applied ecology. 2017. № 2. рр. 4-8. (In Russ)

22. Sushko V.A., Buchtiyarov I.N., Zubova O.G. Ekologiya kak faktor formirovaniya kachestva zhizni: metodologiya sociologicheskogo analiza [Ecology as a factor of quality of life formation: methodology of sociological analysis ]//Ecology and industry of Russia. 2018. T. 22. No. 2. рр. 58-63. (In Russ)

23. Bolsherotov A.L., Bolsherotova L.V. Sushchestvuyushchie metody otsenki zagryazneniya okruzhayushchei sredy i vozdeistviya na nee [Existing methods of assessment of environmental pollution and impact on it] / A.L. Bolsherotov, L.V. Bolsherotova//Housing construction. 2012. № 11. рр.37-41.