A Study of the Effect of Sodium Polysilicate Production Methods, Silicate Modulus, and Binder Concentration on Composite Binder Adhesion

Objective. The aim of the study is to identify the factors determining the strength of adhesive joints in composite materials containing sodium polysilicates.

Method. The influence of sodium polysilicate synthesis methods on the adhesive properties of composite binders was analyzed. Traditional and innovative methods, including hydrothermal, autoclave, and sol-gel technologies, were considered. Particular attention was paid to the parameters of temperature, pressure, and reaction time. Sodium polysilicate was obtained outside the composite by reacting anhydrous sodium silicate with a silicon dioxide hydrosol solution at 70–90 °C and holding for up to 0.5 hours.

Result. The influence of various methods for producing sodium polysilicates, as well as changes in the silicate modulus and binder concentration on the adhesive properties of the materials, was determined. The strength characteristics of the samples under various external influences were determined. It was found that the strength of the adhesive joint based on sodium polysilicates depends on their concentration and synthesis conditions. The optimal concentration of the polysilicate binder is 0.14-0.2 g/cm² for binders obtained in the composite, and 0.2-0.28 g/cm² for those synthesized separately. Experiments have shown that samples bonded with polysilicates synthesized separately from the composite mixture fail along the adhesive line.

Conclusion. The obtained results can be used to develop new formulations and methods for improving the performance and durability of building materials. Future research plans to use sodium polysilicate with a modulus of no more than 10 to optimize properties and extend the service life of materials at high temperatures. A promising direction is the development of heat-resistant composites with a high silicate modulus and reduced Na₂O content, which contributes to improved fire resistance and thermomechanical properties.

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