Analysis of air flow formation in a nozzle valve

Objective. To accurately assess the impact of ventilation systems on the acoustic environment of a room, it is necessary to determine the length of the vortex zone that forms as the air flow passes through throttling devices. The article examines the results of modeling a nozzle valve with a variable cross-section during its opening and closing processes. Method. The analysis of airflow formation scenarios at various positions of the control diaphragm was performed using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the Ansys Fluent software package. Result. As the cross-sectional flow area decreases, a sharp local increase in airflow velocity is observed, along with the formation of vortex zones and reverse flows resulting from the ejection effect. Conclusion. The presence of complex turbulent flows in the ventilation network leads to increased sound pressure levels and noise penetrating the serviced space. Significant deviations from the recommended maximum velocity, depending on the valve opening scenario, highlight the importance of considering throttling devices in acoustic calculations. Analyzing the length of the flow stabilization section enables optimal placement of the nozzle valve, preventing the vortex zone from breaking up due to the combined influence of local resistances (air distribution devices, tees, bends, and constant airflow valves). To reduce the risk of increased noise, it is recommended to position the nozzle valve on a straight duct section, with a length of at least one duct diameter before and three duct diameters after the throttling device.

1. Leshko M.Yu. On the issue of noise generation of throttling devices. Vestnik MGSU. 2011;3:82–86. (In Russ)

2. Lan L., Sun Yu., Vayon D.P., Wargotsky P. Pilot study of the effect of ventilation and ventilation noise on sleep quality in young and elderly people. Indoor Air. 31(4). DOI: 10.1111/ina.12861

3. Meira L.S., Souza F. Numerical study of flow-generated noise in a turbulent flow inside an HVAC duct. 12th Spring School on Transition Period and Turbulence. 2020. DOI: 10.26678/ABCM.EPTT2020.EPT20-0063

4. Geyer TF, Lucius A, Schroedter M, Schneider M, Sarraj E. Reduction of turbulent interaction noise using airfoils with perforated leading edges. Acta Acustica merged with Acustica. 2019;105:109-122. DOI: 10.3813/AAA.919292

5. Kopania JM, Grzegorz B, Gaj P, Wujczak K. Acoustic parameters of different mountings of a vane ventilation damper in a duct. 10th Congress of the European Acoustics Association Forum Acusticum 2023. 2023; 4575-4579. DOI: 10.61782/fa.2023.1192

6. Kopania J.M., Grzegorz B., Gaj P., Wujczak K. Aeroacoustic study of toothed ventilation dampers. Vibrations in Physical Systems. 2022; 3 (33): 2022313 . DOI: 10.21008/j.0860-6897.2022.3.13

7. Skorik T., Galkina N., Glazunova E. Testing the aerodynamic characteristics of ventilation dampers. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020;913:042043. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/913/4/042043

8. Nehring K. Perception of structure-borne sound in buildings in the context of human vibration comfort in buildings. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 960:022033. DOI: 10.1088/1757-899X/960/2/022033

9. Kopania J.M., Boguslavsky G., Gaj P., Wujczak K. Acoustic parameters of different duct mountings of vane ventilation dampers. 10th Congress of the European Acoustics Association Turin, Italy. 2024: 4575– 4579. DOI: 10.61782/fa.2023.1192

10. Kapre A.V., Dodia Y. Flow Analysis of a Rotary Damper Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology. 2015; 4(11): 95-99 .

11. Millers R., Pelite U. A Review of Control Characteristics of Circular Air Dampers in Variable Air Volume Ventilation Systems. Energy Procedia. 2016; 96: 296-300. DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2016.09.152.

12. Malet J., Radosavljevic M., Mbaye M., Costa D., Wiese J., Gehin E. Flow characterization of different features in a real ventilation network with rectangular ducts. Building and Environment. 2022;222. DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109223

13. Shihao W., Ran G., Hongming G., Haimeng L., Meng W., Sikai Z., Angui L. Air damper with control capacity not related to the duct system resistance. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2021;43. DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102388.

14. Busu N.A., Isa M.A., Hariri A., Hussain M. Effect of Air Damper on Temperature and Airflow Distribution to Enhance Thermal Comfort Performance. Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences. 2022;100(1):152-164. DOI: 10.37934/arfmts.100.1.152164

15. Rasuo B., Dinulovic M., Trninic M., et.al. Investigation of Aerodynamic Noise in Turning Vane Duct Systems. FME Transaction. 2021;49(2):308-314. DOI: 10.5937/fme2102308R

16. Wang H., Zhang R., Luo W. Study on Secondary Noise Characteristics for Duct. Xibei Gongge Daxue Xuebao. Journal of the North-West Polytechnic University. 2017;35(6).:998-1004

17. Abramkina, D.V. Comparative analysis of the methodology for acoustic calculation of throttling devices / D.V. Abramkina, A.O. Ivanova, D.F. Karpov, M.V. Pavlov, H.M. Vafaeva. Herald of the Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences. 2024;51(3):172 - 179. https://doi.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2024-51-3-172-179. (In Russ)

18. Borovkov Alexey and Vafaeva, Kristina Maksudovna and Vatin, Nikolay and Ponyaeva Irina. (2024). Synergistic Integration of Digital Twins and Neural Networks to Advance Optimization in the Construction Industry: A Comprehensive Review. Construction Materials and Products. 7. https://doi.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-4-7.

19. Gizatullin, Z.M. Physical Modeling of Noise Immunity of Electronic Equipment under Electromagnetic Exposure of Industrial Macrosources / Z.M. Gizatullin, M.G. Nuriev, R.M. Gizatullin. Radio Engineering and Electronics. 2018;63(1):97-102. DOI 10.7868/S0033849417010144. - EDN INGNET. (In Russ)

20. Gizatullin Z.M. Physical modeling of electromagnetic effects in electronic devices under the influence of electromagnetic fields of high-voltage power lines / Z.M. Gizatullin, M.G. Nuriev, R.M. Gizatullin // Electrical engineering. 2018; 5: 45-48. - EDN YVNIGO. (In Russ)

21. A simple technique for studying electromagnetic radiation from electronic devices / Z.M. Gizatullin, M.G. Nuriev, M.S. Shkinderov, F.R. Nazmetdinov. Journal of Radio Electronics. 2016;9:7. - EDN XAAFVF. (In Russ)

22. Gibadullin R.F. Analysis of industrial network parameters using neural network processing. R.F. Gibadullin D.V. Lekomtsev, M.Yu. Peruhin. Artificial Intelligence and Decision Making. 2020;1:80- 87. - DOI 10.14357/20718594200108. - EDN EKNKRS. (In Russ)

23. Development of a hardware and software module for object detection for embedded systems / R.F. Gibadullin I.N. Smirnov, N.V. Hevronin [et al.] Bulletin of the Technological University. 2018; 21(6): 118-122. - EDN XUALTF. (In Russ)

24. Gibadullin, R.F. Building a network based on GPON technology / R.F. Gibadullin, A.P. Nikitin, M.Yu. Peruhin. Bulletin of the Technological University. 2017; 20( 5.): 104-108. - EDN YHEHLV. (In Russ)

25. Trninic M., Rasuo B., Dinulovic M. Air duct modification towards outlet pressure drop and vibration level reduction. Tehnika. 2020;75(4): 457-466. DOI: 10.5937/Tehnika2004457T

26. Nering K., Nering K. Validation of Modified Algebraic Model during Transitional Flow in HVAC Duct. Energies. 2021; 14: 3975 DOI: 10.3390/en14133975

27. Lucic M. Design and CFD simulation of the exhaust manifold of the Formula Student vehicle. International Scientific Journal "Machines. Technologies. Materials". 2023; 2: 54-57

28. Zekic S., Gomez-Agustina L., Aygun H., Chaer I. Measurement methods of acoustics properties for alternative ventilation ducts. Inter Noise 2020. Seoul 23 - 26 Aug 2020 International Institute of Noise Control Engineering.