<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vdgtu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Дагестанского государственного технического университета. Технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6185</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-095X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Daghestan State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21822/2073-6185-2016-43-4-63-72</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vdgtu-334</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ ЭТЕХНИЧЕСКИЕ НАУКИ (ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЕ, МЕТАЛЛУРГИЧЕСКОЕ И ХИМИЧЕСКОЕ МАШИНОСТРОЕНИЕ; ИНФОРМАТИКА, ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНИКА И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ; СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА)</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>TECHICAL SCIENCE POWER, METALLURGICAL AND CHEMICAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЕ РЕШЕНИЯ ТЕПЛООБМЕННИКОВ ДЛЯ ТЕРМОЭЛЕКТРИЧЕСКИХ ТРАНСФОРМАТОРОВ ТЕПЛОТЫ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS FOR THERMOELECTRIC HEAT TRANSFORMERS USING HEAT CONVERTERS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Марченко</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Marchenko</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марченко Андрей Сергеевич – аспирант кафедры кондиционирования воздуха.</p><p>197101, г. Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrei S. Marchenko –  Graduate student</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mandserg@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сулин</surname><given-names>А. Б.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sulin</surname><given-names>A. B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сулин Александр Борисович – доктор технических наук, профессор кафедры кондиционирования воздуха. </p><p>197101, г. Санкт-Петербург, Кронверкский, 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander B. Sulin – Dr. Sc. (Technical), Prof., Department of air-conditioning.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">miconta@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский национальный исследовательский университет информационных технологий, механики и оптики</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg National Research Institute Mechanics and Optics Information Technologies</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>43</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>63</fpage><lpage>72</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Марченко А.С., Сулин А.Б., 2017</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Марченко А.С., Сулин А.Б.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Marchenko A.S., Sulin A.B.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.dgtu.ru/jour/article/view/334">https://vestnik.dgtu.ru/jour/article/view/334</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель. В статье на основании анализа причин термодинамических потерь в термоэлектрических трансформаторах теплоты показано, что на данном этапе развития термоэлектрического приборостроения внешние потери в реальной системе сопоставимы с внутренними потерями в термоэлементах. Внешние технические потери обусловлены необратимостью процессов в элементах системы. Они определяются ее техническим решением и могут быть снижены благодаря особым подходам к конструированию и проектированию. Методы. Приведены примеры эффективных технических решений термоэлектрических блоков типа «воздух-воздух» и «воздух-жидкость», в которых минимизированы внешние потери за счет применения теплообменников на базе двухфазных термосифонов специальной конфигурации. Для воздушных теплообменников с классическим цельнометаллическим оребрением на основании методики анализа чувствительности выполнены расчеты зависимости эффективности термоэлектрического блока от характеристик теплообменника. Результаты. По результатам расчетов построены зависимости холодопроизводительности термоэлектрического блока, коэффициента преобразования энергии, эксергетического коэффициента полезного действия (КПД) и относительного эксергетического КПД от характеристик геометрии воздушного канала теплообменника. Зависимости холодопроизводительности термоэлектрического блока и коэффициента преобразования приведены в функции от материала и толщины ребра, от межреберного расстояния и от высоты канала воздушного теплообменника. Вывод. В качестве примеров эффективных технических решений предложены тепловые схемы термоэлектрических трансформаторов теплоты с изменением направления тепловых потоков и с теплообменниками на базе двухфазных термосифонов. Классические решения цельнометаллических теплообменников также могут быть оптимизированы на основе методологии анализа чувствительности систем. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objectives. The present article is based on the examination of the causes of thermodynamic heat loss in thermoelectric heat transformers. It is shown that the external loss in a real system is comparable to the internal loss in thermoelements at the present stage of thermoelectric engineering instrument development. External technical losses are attributed to the irreversibility of processes in system elements. These are determined by their technical resolution and can be lowered by means of specific approaches to design and construction. Methods. Examples of effective technical solutions for thermoelectric units of the "air-to-air" and "air-to-liquid" types, in which external losses are minimised due to the application of heat exchangers based on two-phase thermosyphons of special configuration, are given. For air coolers with a classic all-metal fin design based on the sensitivity analysis method, the dependence of the thermoelectric unit efficiency on the heat exchanger characteristics was calculated. Results. As a result, calculations of the dependence of cooling unit refrigeration capacity on the energy transformation ratio, power transfer coefficient, energy conversion efficiency (ECE) and the relative energetic efficiency of ECE were performed based on the characteristic of the heat exchanger air passage geometry. There is a dependence relationship between the thermoelectric conversion cooling unit refrigeration capacity and transformation ratio within the function of material and thickness of the ribs on the intercostal distance and on the height of the air heat exchanger channel. Conclusion. Examples of the proposed effective thermal circuit technical solutions are based on thermoelectricheat transformers with heat flow direction change and with heat exchangers, which are based on two-phase thermosyphons. Classical solutions of all-metal heat exchangers can also be optimised on the basis of the sensitivity analysis methodology. </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>термоэлектрический блок</kwd><kwd>характеристики теплообменника</kwd><kwd>анализ чувствительности</kwd><kwd>двухфазный термосифон</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>thermoelectric unit</kwd><kwd>heat exchanger characteristics</kwd><kwd>sensitivity analysis</kwd><kwd>twophase thermosyphon</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dongliang Zhao, Gang Tan.A review ofthermoelectriccooling: materials, modeling and applications. AppliedThermalEngineering, Volume 66, Issues 1–2, May 2014, Pages 15-24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao D., Tan G. A review of thermoelectric cooling: materials, modeling and applications. Applied Thermal Engineering. May 2014; 66(1–2):15-24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diana Enescu, Elena OtiliaVirjoghe. A review onthermoelectric cooling parameters and performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 38, October 2014,Pages 903-916.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Enescu D., Virjoghe E.O. A review on thermoelectric cooling parameters and performance. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2014;38:903-916.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">. Булат Л.П. Термоэлектрическое охлаждение: Состояние и перспективы // Холодильная техника, №5, 1999, с. 12-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulat L.P. Termoelektricheskoye okhlazhdenie: Sostoyanie i perspektivy. Kholodilnaya tekhnika. 1999;5:12-14. [Bulat L.P. Thermoelectric cooling: status and prospects. Refrigerating Engineering. 1999;5:12-14. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бродянский В.М., Фратшер В, Михалек К. Эксергетический метод и его приложения. – М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1988.-288с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Brodyanskiy V.M., Fratsher V., Mikhalek K. Eksergeticheskiy metod i ego prilozheniya. M.: Energoatomizdat; 1988. 288 s. [Brodyanskiy V.M., Fratsher V., Mikhalek K. Exergic method and its application. Moscow: Energoatomizdat; 1988. 288 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sulin A.B. New approach to thermoelectric air-cooled subunit configuration // 14th Int. Conf. onThermoelectrics, St.Petersburg, 1995, pp.453-454.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sulin A.B. New approach to thermoelectric air-cooled subunit configuration. 14th Int. Conf. On Thermoelectrics, St.Petersburg, 1995. 453-454.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Патент РФ 2112908//Термоэлектрический блок (варианты)//СулинА.Б., Емельянов А.Л., Мощенко В.И., НазарцевА.А. Опубл. в БИ № 16. 10.06.98, с. 363.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sulin A.B., Emelyanov A.L., Moshchenko V.I., Nazartsev A.A. Termoelektricheskiy blok (varianty). Patent RF 2112908. Opubl. V BI №16. 10.06.98, 363. [Sulin A.B., Emelyanov A.L., Moshchenko V.I., Nazartsev A.A. The thermoelectric unit (options). Patent Russia №2112908. Publ. №16. 10.06.98, 363. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gang Tan, Dongliang Zhao. Study of a thermoelectric space cooling system integrated with phase change material. AppliedThermalEngineering, Volume 86, 5 July 2015, Pages 187198</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tan G., Zhao D. Study of a thermoelectric space cooling system integrated with phase change material. Applied Thermal Engineering. 5 July 2015;86:187-198.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dongliang Zhao, Gang Tan. Experimental evaluation of a prototype thermoelectric system integrated with PCM (phase change material) for space cooling. Energy, Volume 68, Issuenull, Pages 658-666</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhao D., Tan G. Experimental evaluation of a prototype thermoelectric system integrated with PCM (phase change material) for space cooling. Energy. 68:658-666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Syed IhtshamulHaq Gilani, Muhammad Hammad Khan, William Pao. Thermal Comfort Analysis of PMV Model Prediction in Air Conditioned and Naturally Ventilated Buildings. EnergyProcedia. Volume 75, August 2015, Pages 1373–1379</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gilani S.I.H., Khan M.H., Pao W. Thermal Comfort Analysis of PMV Model Prediction in Air Conditioned and Naturally Ventilated Buildings. Energy Procedia. August 2015;75:1373–1379.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Steven P. Benn, Leonard M. Poplaski, Amir Faghri, Theodore L. Bergman. Analysis of thermosyphon/heat pipe integration for feasibility of dry cooling for thermoelectric power generation. AppliedThermalEngineering,Volume 104, 5 July 2016, Pages 358-374</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benn S.P., Poplaski L.M., Faghri A., Bergman T.L. Analysis of thermosyphon/heat pipe integration for feasibility of dry cooling for thermoelectric power generation. Applied Thermal Engineering. 5 July 2016;104:358-374.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ashwin Date, Abhijit Date, Chris Dixon, AliakbarAkbarzadeh. Theoretical and experimental study on heat pipe cooled thermoelectric generators with water heating using concentrated solar thermal energy. SolarEnergy,Volume 105, July 2014, Pages 656-668</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Date A., Date A., Dixon C., Akbarzadeh A. Theoretical and experimental study on heat pipe cooled thermoelectric generators with water heating using concentrated solar thermal energy. Solar Energy. July 2014;105:656-668.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wei Jieting1,a, Xiong Linchang2,b, Wang Hao1,c. The Study of Thermoelectric Power Generation in The Cooling of Fin and Vibration Heat Pipe. 2012 International Conference on Future Electrical Power and Energy Systems</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jieting W., Linchang X., Hao W. The Study of Thermoelectric Power Generation in The Cooling of Fin and Vibration Heat Pipe. 2012 International Conference on Future Electrical Power and Energy Systems 13. Sarkar A., Mahapatra S.K. Role of surface radiation on the functionality of thermoelectric cooler with heat sink. Applied Thermal Engineering. August 2014;69(1-2):39-45.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AnjanSarkar, Swarup K. Mahapatra. Role of surface radiation on the functionality of thermoelectric cooler with heat sink. AppliedThermalEngineering, Volume 69, Issues1–2, August 2014, Pages 39-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang X., Yu J., Ma M.. Optimization of heat sink configuration for thermoe-lectric coolingsystem based on entropy generation analysis. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. August 2013;63:361-365.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Xiao Wang, Jianlin Yu, Ming Ma. Optimization of heat sink configuration for thermoelectric coolingsystem based on entropy generation analysis. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer. Volume 63. August 2013, Pages 361-365</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhu L., Tan H., Yu J. Analysis on optimal heat exchanger size of thermoelectric cooler for electronic cooling applications. Energy Conversionand Management. December 2013;76:685-690.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin Zhu, Hongbo Tan, Jianlin Yu. Analysis on optimal heat exchanger size ofthermoelectriccoolerfor electroniccoolingapplications. EnergyConversionandManagement, Volume 76, December 2013, Pages 685-690.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cosnier M., Fraisse G., Luo L. An experimental and numerical study of a thermoelectric air-cooling and air-heating system. International Journal of Refrigeration. September 2008;31(6):1051-1062.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">MatthieuCosnier, Gilles Fraisse, Lingai Luo. An experimental and numerical study of a thermoelectric air-coolingandair-heating system. InternationalJournalofRefrigeration, Volume 31, Issue 6,September 2008, Pages 1051-1062.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kafarov V.V., Meshalkin V.P., Guryeva L.V. Optimizatsiya teploobmennykh protsessov i sistem. M.: Energoatomizdat; 1988. 192 s. [Kafarov V.V., Meshalkin V.P., Guryeva L.V. Optimization of heat transfer processes and systems.Moscow: Energoatomizdat; 1988. 192 p. (In Russ.)]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кафаров В.В., Мешалкин В.П., Гурьева Л.В. Оптимизация теплообменных процессов и систем. – М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1988. – 192 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Кафаров В.В., Мешалкин В.П., Гурьева Л.В. Оптимизация теплообменных процессов и систем. – М.: Энергоатомиздат, 1988. – 192 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
