vdgtuВестник Дагестанского государственного технического университета. Технические наукиHerald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences2073-61852542-095XDaghestan State Technical University10.21822/2073-6185-2025-52-4-214-224vdgtu-1923Research ArticleСТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРАBUILDING AND ARCHITECTUREРазработка цифровых инструментов для расчета энергопотребления жилых зданий: отопление и горячее водоснабжениеDevelopment of digital tools for calculating the energy consumption of residential buildings: heating and domestic hot waterhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-9302КарповД. Ф.KarpovD. F.

Карпов        Денис          Федорович - старший    преподаватель,          кафедра      теплогазоводоснабжения.

160000, Вологда, ул. Ленина, 15

Denis F. Karpov - Senior Lecturer, Department of Heat, Gas and Water Supply.

15 Lenin St., Vologda, 160000

karpovdf@vogu35.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-3296ПавловМ. В.PavlovM. V.

Павлов Михаил Васильевич - кандидат технических наук, доцент, доцент, кафедра теплогазоводоснабжения.

160000, Вологда, ул. Ленина, 15

Mikhail V. Pavlov - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assoc. Prof., Assoc. Prof., Department of Heat, Gas and Water Supply.

15 Lenin St., Vologda, 160000

pavlovmv@vogu35.ruАбрамоваЕ. В.AbramovaE. V.

Абрамова Елена Вячеславовна - доктор технических наук, профессор, кафедра сварки, диагностика и специальной робототехники; главный научный сотрудник, НИИСФ РААСН. РИНЦ ID 107200.

105005, Москва, ул. 2-я Бауманская, 5; 127238, Москва, Локомотивный пр., 21

Elena V. Abramova - Dr. Sci. (Eng.), Prof., Department of Welding, Diagnostics and Special Robotics; Chief Scientific Officer, NIISF RAASN.

5 2nd Baumanskaya Str., Moscow, 105005; 21 Locomotive Str., Moscow 127238

eva32@bk.ruЗаикинВ. К.ZaikinV. K.

Заикин Владимир Константинович - старший преподаватель, кафедра начертательной геометрии и инженерной графики. РИНЦ ID 738199.

190005, Санкт-Петербург, 2-я Красноармейская ул., 4

Vladimir K. Zaikin - Senior Lecturer, Department of Descriptive Geometry and Engineering Graphics.

4, 2nd Krasnoarmeiskaya Str., Saint Petersburg 190005

zaikin.vladmir@yandex.ruВологодский государственный университетРоссияVologda State UniversityRussian FederationМосковский государственный технический университет имени Н.Э. Баумана (национальный исследовательский институт); Научно-исследовательский институт строительной физики Российской академии архитектуры и строительных наукРоссияBauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research Institute); Research Institute of Building Physics of the Russian Academy of Architecture and Building SciencesRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский государственный архитектурно-строительный университетРоссияSaint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil EngineeringRussian Federation202504022026524214224Copyright © Карпов Д.Ф., Павлов М.В., Абрамова Е.В., Заикин В.К., 20262026Карпов Д.Ф., Павлов М.В., Абрамова Е.В., Заикин В.К.Karpov D.F., Pavlov M.V., Abramova E.V., Zaikin V.K.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://vestnik.dgtu.ru/jour/article/view/1923Цель

Цель. Целью исследования является создание программных средств, обеспечивающих достоверное и устойчиво воспроизводимое определение тепловых нагрузок и годовых затрат тепловой энергии с учетом совокупного влияния климатических, строительных и эксплуатационных условий.

Метод

Метод. Методологической основой исследования является структурирование вычислительного процесса в виде последовательных функциональных блоков, реализующих алгоритмы расчета тепловых нагрузок и годового энергопотребления. Исходными данными являются строительные характеристики зданий, численность жителей, а также климатические и эксплуатационные параметры.

Результат

Результат. Разработаны два программных модуля для расчета энергопотребления систем отопления и горячего водоснабжения. Новизной исследования являются разработка концепции специализированного программного обеспечения, предназначенного для реализации алгоритмов вычисления тепловых нагрузок и годового энергопотребления, а также создание метода автоматизированного расчета параметров систем отопления и горячего водоснабжения с применением укрупненных расчетных показателей. Тестирование программ подтвердило корректность алгоритмов и применимость разработанных решений в инженерной практике. Представленные алгоритмы реализованы в программных модулях, апробированных на примерах гражданских зданий.

Вывод

Вывод. Разработанные программы реализуют автоматизацию расчетов энергопотребления жилых зданий и позволяют учитывать ключевые климатические, строительные и эксплуатационные параметры. Представленные алгоритмы вычисляют максимальные и средние тепловые нагрузки, а также годовой расход энергии для систем отопления и горячего водоснабжения. Верификация программных модулей продемонстрировала высокую точность и устойчивость расчетных результатов. Проведенное исследование подтверждает значимость цифровых инструментов в сфере энергоэффективности и устойчивого развития жилой застройки.

Objective

Objective. The aim of the study is to create software tools that ensure reliable and consistently reproducible determination of heat loads and annual thermal energy consumption, taking into account the combined influence of climatic, structural, and operational factors.

Method

Method. The methodological basis of the study involves structuring the computational process into a sequence of functional blocks implementing algorithms for calculating heat loads and annual energy consumption. The input data include the architectural and construction characteristics of buildings, the number of occupants, as well as climatic and operational parameters. The proposed algorithms are implemented in software modules tested on examples of civil buildings.

Result

Result. Two software modules have been developed for calculating the energy consumption of heating and domestic hot water systems. The novelty of the study lies in the development of a concept for specialized software implementing algorithms for calculating heat loads and annual energy consumption, as well as in the creation of an automated method for determining the parameters of heating and hot water supply systems using aggregated calculation indicators. Software testing confirmed the correctness of the algorithms and the applicability of the developed solutions in engineering practice.

Conclusion

Conclusion. The developed software implements the automation of energy consumption calculations for residential buildings and enables consideration of key climatic, construction, and operational parameters. The presented algorithms determine peak and average heat loads as well as the annual energy demand for heating and domestic hot water systems. The obtained results demonstrate the efficiency of the software for optimizing energy consumption calculations. Verification of the software modules demonstrated high accuracy and stability of the computational results. The conducted study confirms the importance of digital tools in enhancing energy efficiency and promoting sustainable development in residential construction.

энергоэффективностьэнергопотреблениетепловая нагрузкагодовой расходотоплениегорячее водоснабжениежилое зданиепрограммное обеспечениецифровой инструменталгоритмenergy efficiencyenergy consumptionheat loadannual consumptionheatingdomestic hot waterresidential buildingsoftwaredigital toolalgorithmReferencesCzock, Berit and Frings, Cordelia and Arnold, Fabian. Cost and cost distribution of policy-driven investments in decentralized heating systems in residential buildings in Germany. Energy and Buildings. 2024. 327. 115104. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115104Czock, Berit and Frings, Cordelia and Arnold, Fabian. Cost and cost distribution of policy-driven investments in decentralized heating systems in residential buildings in Germany. Energy and Buildings. 2024. 327. 115104. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2024.115104Borovkov, A.I., Vafaeva, Kh.M., Vatin, N.I., Ponyaeva, I. Synergistic Integration of Digital Twins and Neural Networks for Advancing Optimization in the Construction Industry: A Comprehensive Review // Construction Materials and Products. 2024. Vol. 7. No. 4. https://DOI:.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-4-7Borovkov, A.I., Vafaeva, Kh.M., Vatin, N.I., Ponyaeva, I. Synergistic Integration of Digital Twins and Neural Networks for Advancing Optimization in the Construction Industry: A Comprehensive Review // Construction Materials and Products. 2024. Vol. 7. No. 4. https://DOI:.org/10.58224/2618-7183-2024-7-4-7Вафаева, Х.М., Гаевская, З.А. Алгоритмы оптимизации и их применение в информационном моделировании объектов культурного наследия // Инновации и инвестиции. 2021. № 12. С. 175-179. https://DOI:.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20715.92965Vafaeva, Kh.M., Gaevskaya, Z.A. Optimization algorithms and their application in information modeling of cultural heritage objects. Innovation and Investment. 2021;12:175-179. https://DOI:.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.20715.92965 (In Russ)Arif, Rashique and Singh, Abhay and Kumar, Alok. Implementation of optimization techniques for reducing the building energy consumption of a residential building. Engineering Research Express. 2025. 7. https://DOI:.org/10.1088/26318695/ade5ecArif, Rashique and Singh, Abhay and Kumar, Alok. Implementation of optimization techniques for reducing the building energy consumption of a residential building. Engineering Research Express. 2025. 7. https://DOI:.org/10.1088/26318695/ade5ecFelez, Ricardo and Félez, Jesús. Advanced Energy Management for Residential Buildings Optimizing Costs and Efficiency Through Thermal Energy Storage and Predictive Control. Applied Sciences. 2025. 15. 880. https://DOI:.org/10.3390/app15020880Felez, Ricardo and Félez, Jesús. Advanced Energy Management for Residential Buildings Optimizing Costs and Efficiency Through Thermal Energy Storage and Predictive Control. Applied Sciences. 2025. 15. 880. https://DOI:.org/10.3390/app15020880Liu, Yongchun and Liu, Qingrong and Liang, Qingqing and Ruan, Yingjun and Qian, Fanyue and Xu, Tingting and Meng, Hua and Yao, Yuting. Comparison of the energy flexibility potential of different heating ends in residential buildings. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2025. 2993. 012012. https://DOI:.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2993/1/012012Liu, Yongchun and Liu, Qingrong and Liang, Qingqing and Ruan, Yingjun and Qian, Fanyue and Xu, Tingting and Meng, Hua and Yao, Yuting. Comparison of the energy flexibility potential of different heating ends in residential buildings. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2025. 2993. 012012. https://DOI:.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2993/1/012012Олейников, А.А., Тимофеева, К.Н. Система контроля расхода тепловой энергии в контуре горячего водоснабжения в составе системы управления умным домом. Вестник Дагестанского государственного технического университета. Технические науки. 2024; 51(1): 206-214. https://DOI:.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2024-51-1-206-214Oleinikov, A. and Timofeeva, K. Thermal Energy consumption monitoring System in the Hot water Supply circuit as part of the Smart Home management system. Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences. 2024. 51. 206-214. https://DOI:.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2024-51-1-206-214 (In Russ)Рафальская, Т.А. Обоснование применения центрального регулирования по совмещенной нагрузке отопления и горячего водоснабжения в условиях низкотемпературного теплоснабжения // Известия вузов. Строительство. 2025. № 5 (797). С. 116-130. https://DOI:.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2025-797-5-116-130Rafalskaya, T.A. Rationale for the use of central regulation for joint heating and hot water supply loads in lowtemperature heat supply conditions. News of Higher Educational Institutions. Construction. 2025; (5): 116-130. https://DOI:.org/10.32683/0536-1052-2025-797-5-116-130 (In Russ)Карпов, Д.Ф., Павлов, М.В., Абрамова, Е.В., Разумнова, Е.А. Алгоритмизация и программная реализация подбора параметров работы насосного оборудования в системах водяного отопления жилых зданий. Вестник Дагестанского государственного технического университета. Технические науки. 2025;52(3):199-211. https://DOI:.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2025-52-3-199-211Karpov, D.F., Pavlov, M.V., Abramova, E.V., Razumnova, E.A. Algorithmization and software implementation for selecting operating parameters of pumping equipment in hydronic heating systems of residential buildings. Herald of Daghestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences. 2025;52(3):199-211. https://DOI:.org/10.21822/2073-61852025-52-3-199-211 (In Russ)Vaisi, S., Ahmadi, N., Shirzadi, A., Bahrami, B., Shahabi, H., Mahdavinejad, M.: A comparison between different machine learning techniques for predicting heating energy consumption for residential buildings in a cold climate. Energy Efficiency. 18, 85 (2025). https://DOI:.org/10.1007/s12053-025-10379-1Vaisi, S., Ahmadi, N., Shirzadi, A., Bahrami, B., Shahabi, H., Mahdavinejad, M.: A comparison between different machine learning techniques for predicting heating energy consumption for residential buildings in a cold climate. Energy Efficiency. 18, 85 (2025). https://DOI:.org/10.1007/s12053-025-10379-1Тальха, И. Анализ энергетического баланса и моделирование системы отопления для жилого дома. Вестник Дагестанского государственного технического университета. Технические науки. 2025;52(2):220-226. https://DOI:.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2025-52-2-220-226Talha, I. Energy balance analysis and heating system modeling for a residential building. Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences. 2025;52(2):220-226. https://DOI:.org/10.21822/2073-6185-2025-52-2-220-226 (In Russ)Diachenko, Serhii. Reconstruction of the heating system as an element of thermal modernization of old multi-story residential buildings. Technical sciences and technologies. 2025. 502-509. https://DOI:.org/10.25140/2411-5363-20252(40)-502-509Diachenko, Serhii. Reconstruction of the heating system as an element of thermal modernization of old multi-story residential buildings. Technical sciences and technologies. 2025. 502-509. https://DOI:.org/10.25140/2411-5363-20252(40)-502-509Kaymaz, Egemen and Sezer, Filiz. A Multi-Variable Analysis for Heating Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings. Athens Journal of Technology and Engineering. 2025. 22. 1-22. https://DOI:.org/10.30958/ajte.X-Y-ZKaymaz, Egemen and Sezer, Filiz. A Multi-Variable Analysis for Heating Energy Performance and Thermal Comfort in Residential Buildings. Athens Journal of Technology and Engineering. 2025;22:1-22. https://DOI:.org/10.30958/ajte.X-Y-ZPolyvianchuk, Andrii and Gritsuk, Igor and Polyvianchuk, Natalia and Yefimov, Oleksii and Romanenko, Sergiy and Kapustenko, P. and Arsenyeva, Olga. Optimized step-by-step modernization of residential heating systems: a multiperiod investment strategy for energy efficiency and cost reduction. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2025. 64. 103799. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103799Polyvianchuk, Andrii and Gritsuk, Igor and Polyvianchuk, Natalia and Yefimov, Oleksii and Romanenko, Sergiy and Kapustenko, P. and Arsenyeva, Olga. Optimized step-by-step modernization of residential heating systems: a multiperiod investment strategy for energy efficiency and cost reduction. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2025. 64. 103799. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2025.103799Dorca, Alexandru and Sarbu, Ioan. Thermal protection impact assessment of a residential house on the energy efficiency of the air-source heat pump radiant floor heating system. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2025. 67. 104059. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104059Dorca, Alexandru and Sarbu, Ioan. Thermal protection impact assessment of a residential house on the energy efficiency of the air-source heat pump radiant floor heating system. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2025. 67. 104059. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2025.104059Taradai, O and Bugai, Volodymyr and Gvozdetskii, O and Burda, Y and Diachenko, S. Modern Heating Systems for Multi-Story Residential Buildings. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2024. 1376. 012046. https://DOI:.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1376/1/012046Taradai, O and Bugai, Volodymyr and Gvozdetskii, O and Burda, Y and Diachenko, S. Modern Heating Systems for Multi-Story Residential Buildings. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 2024. 1376. 012046. https://DOI:.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1376/1/012046Zhang, Zhizheng and Hua, Yunfeng and Peng, Na and Liu, Kailong. Research on Energy-Saving Transformation of Rural Residential Building Envelope Structures and Heating Modes in Northeast China. Energies. 2024. 17. 5195. https://DOI:.org/10.3390/en17205195Zhang, Zhizheng and Hua, Yunfeng and Peng, Na and Liu, Kailong. Research on Energy-Saving Transformation of Rural Residential Building Envelope Structures and Heating Modes in Northeast China. Energies. 2024;17. 5195. https://DOI:.org/10.3390/en17205195Rahgozar, Saeed and Ahmadpour, Mohammad and Dehghan, Maziar and Haghgou, Hamidreza and Pourrajabian Shahrbabak, Abolfazl. Evaluation of retrofit strategies to improve energy efficiency and winter thermal comfort of an existing residential apartment. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2025. 150. https://DOI:.org/10.1007/s10973025-14352-zRahgozar, Saeed and Ahmadpour, Mohammad and Dehghan, Maziar and Haghgou, Hamidreza and Pourrajabian Shahrbabak, Abolfazl. Evaluation of retrofit strategies to improve energy efficiency and winter thermal comfort of an existing residential apartment. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2025. 150. https://DOI:.org/10.1007/s10973025-14352-zNakhodov, V. and Shovkaliuk, M. and Mykyta, Yevhenii. Analysis of approaches to determining the quantity of thermal energy for the needs of hot water supply in the energy certification of buildings. Power engineering: economics, technique, ecology. 2023. https://DOI:.org/10.20535/1813-5420.3.2022.270242Nakhodov, V. and Shovkaliuk, M. and Mykyta, Yevhenii. Analysis of approaches to determining the quantity of thermal energy for the needs of hot water supply in the energy certification of buildings. Power engineering: economics, technique, ecology. 2023. https://DOI:.org/10.20535/1813-5420.3.2022.270242Kushka, Oleksandr and Liubenko, Volodymyr and Nechypor, Oksana and Petryk, Uliana. Determination of the circulation flow rate in the calculation of internal hot water supply networks. Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic. 2023. 40-46. https://DOI:.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2023.44.40-46Kushka, Oleksandr and Liubenko, Volodymyr and Nechypor, Oksana and Petryk, Uliana. Determination of the circulation flow rate in the calculation of internal hot water supply networks. Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic. 2023. 40-46. https://DOI:.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2023.44.40-46Li, Xianting and Wu, Wei and Yu, Chuck. Energy demand for hot water supply for indoor environments: Problems and perspectives. Indoor and Built Environment. 2014. 24. 5-10. https://DOI:.org/10.1177/1420326X14564285Li, Xianting and Wu, Wei and Yu, Chuck. Energy demand for hot water supply for indoor environments: Problems and perspectives. Indoor and Built Environment. 2014. 24. 5-10. https://DOI:.org/10.1177/1420326X14564285Rubina, Aleš and Uher, Pavel and Vrána, Jakub and Znebejánek, Jiří and Salajka, Radek and Mostek, Jan and Cakl, Dominik and Varbanov, Petar. Monitoring of fresh water consumption and energy needs for hot tap water heating in residential buildings. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2024. 51. 102639. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102639Rubina, Aleš and Uher, Pavel and Vrána, Jakub and Znebejánek, Jiří and Salajka, Radek and Mostek, Jan and Cakl, Dominik and Varbanov, Petar. Monitoring of fresh water consumption and energy needs for hot tap water heating in residential buildings. Thermal Science and Engineering Progress. 2024. 51. 102639. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102639Balan, Mircea and Sandu, Mihnea and Bode, Florin. In-building direct wastewater heat recovery solutions for enhancing thermal efficiency in domestic hot water systems. E3S Web of Conferences. 2025. 608. https://DOI:.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560801015Balan, Mircea and Sandu, Mihnea and Bode, Florin. In-building direct wastewater heat recovery solutions for enhancing thermal efficiency in domestic hot water systems. E3S Web of Conferences. 2025. 608. https://DOI:.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560801015Maltais, Louis-Gabriel and Gosselin, Louis. Predictability analysis of domestic hot water consumption with neural networks: From single units to large residential buildings. Energy. 2021. 229. 120658. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120658Maltais, Louis-Gabriel and Gosselin, Louis. Predictability analysis of domestic hot water consumption with neural networks: From single units to large residential buildings. Energy. 2021. 229. 120658. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.120658Glamazdin, P. and Chepurna, Nataliia and Koziachyna, Bohdan. The selection of a methodology for calculating the heat load of hot water supply systems for facilities with significant uneven consumption. Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply. 2023. 44. 39-48. https://DOI:.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2023.44.39-48Glamazdin, P. and Chepurna, Nataliia and Koziachyna, Bohdan. The selection of a methodology for calculating the heat load of hot water supply systems for facilities with significant uneven consumption. Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply. 2023. 44. 39-48. https://DOI:.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2023.44.39-48Canale, Laura and Cholewa, Tomasz and Ficco, G. and Siuta-Olcha, A. and Pietra, B. and Kołodziej, P. and Dell’Isola, Marco. The role of individual metering in reducing domestic hot water consumption in residential buildings: A long-term evaluation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2023. 73. 106734. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106734Canale, Laura and Cholewa, Tomasz and Ficco, G. and Siuta-Olcha, A. and Pietra, B. and Kołodziej, P. and Dell’Isola, Marco. The role of individual metering in reducing domestic hot water consumption in residential buildings: A long-term evaluation. Journal of Building Engineering. 2023. 73. 106734. https://DOI:.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106734Чакин, Е.Ю., Гамаюнова, О.С. Методика выбора энергоэффективных теплоизоляционных материалов с помощью среды визуального программирования Dynamo // Известия Юго-Западного государственного университета. 2024. Т. 28. No. 3. С. 50-68. https://DOI:.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2024-28-3-50-68Chakin, E. and Gamayunova, Olga. Methodology for selecting energy-efficient thermal insulation materials using the Dynamo visual programming environment. Proceedings of the Southwest State University. 2024. 28. 50-68. https://DOI:.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2024-28-3-50-68 (In Russ)Фролова, А.А., Лухменев, П.И. Расчет уровня энергетически целесообразной теплозащиты // Вестник МГСУ. 2023. Т. 18. Вып. 1. С. 82-90. https://DOI:.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.1.82-90Frolova, A.A., Lukhmenev, P.I. Calculation of the level of energy efficient heat protection. Vestnik MGSU [Monthly Journal on Construction and Architecture]. 2023;18(1):82-90. DOI:.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2023.1.82-90 (In Russ)Khmel, Ekaterina and Hurynovich, Anatoly and Holubava, Volha and Romanovski, Valentin. Organizational Models for Managing the Operation of Water Supply Facilities of the Agro-Industrial Complex. World Water Policy. 2025. 11. 735750. https://DOI:.org/10.1002/wwp2.70012Khmel, Ekaterina and Hurynovich, Anatoly and Holubava, Volha and Romanovski, Valentin. Organizational Models for Managing the Operation of Water Supply Facilities of the Agro-Industrial Complex. World Water Policy. 2025. 11. 735750. https://DOI:.org/10.1002/wwp2.70012Kapanski, Aliaksei and Hruntovich, Nadzeya and Klyuev, Roman and Brigida, Vladimir. Identification of Easily Accessible Urban Water Consumption Factors for Energy-Efficient Management of Pumping Stations. Water Conservation Science and Engineering. 2025. 10. https://DOI:.org/10.1007/s41101-025-00372-1Kapanski, Aliaksei and Hruntovich, Nadzeya and Klyuev, Roman and Brigida, Vladimir. Identification of Easily Accessible Urban Water Consumption Factors for Energy-Efficient Management of Pumping Stations. Water Conservation Science and Engineering. 2025. 10. https://DOI:.org/10.1007/s41101-025-00372-1Нуриев, М.Г., Кремлева, Э.Ш., Пикулева, Н.И., Хафизова, А.Ш. Разработка системы управления умным домом на базе Home Assistant и Zigbee // Международный научно-исследовательский журнал. 2025. № 7 (157). https://DOI:.org/10.60797/IRJ.2025.157.11Nuriev, M.G., Kremleva, E.S., Pikuleva, N.I., Khafizova, A.S. Development of a smart home control system based on Home Assistant and Zigbee International Research Journal. 2025;7 (157). DOI:10.60797/IRJ.2025.157.11 (In Russ)Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2021614736. Программа для расчета расходов тепловой энергии на нужды отопления жилого здания: № 2021613736: заявл. 24.03.2021: опубл. 29.03.2021. Бюл. № 4 / М.В. Павлов, Д.Ф. Карпов, С.В. Клопов, В.А. Писаренко, В.П. Березина; правообладатель ВоГУ. https://DOI:.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10808.15364Computer Program State Registration Certificate No. 2021614736. Software “Calculation of Heat Energy Consumption for Heating a Residential Building”: No. 2021613736: declared 24.03.2021: publ. 29.03.2021. Bull. No. 4 / M.V. Pavlov, D.F. Karpov, S.V. Klopov, V.A. Pisarenko, V.P. Berezina; right holder of VoSU. https://DOI:.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.10808.15364 (In Russ)Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2021665902. Программа для расчета расходов тепловой энергии на нужды горячего водоснабжения жилого здания: № 2021665271: заявл. 05.10.2021: опубл. 05.10.2021. Бюл. № 10 / М.В. Павлов, Д.Ф. Карпов, С.В. Клопов, В.А. Писаренко, В.П. Жукова; правообладатель ВоГУ. https://DOI:.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17519.04009Computer Program State Registration Certificate No. 2021665902. Software “Calculation of Heat Energy Consumption for Domestic Hot Water Supply in a Residential Building”: No. 2021665271: declared 05.10.2021: publ. 05.10.2021. Bull. No. 10 / M.V. Pavlov, D.F. Karpov, S.V. Klopov, V.A. Pisarenko, V.P. Zhukova; right holder of VoSU. https://DOI:.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17519.04009 (In Russ)

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.