<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vdgtu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Дагестанского государственного технического университета. Технические науки</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Herald of Dagestan State Technical University. Technical Sciences</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6185</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-095X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Daghestan State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21822/2073-6185-2025-52-3-191-198</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vdgtu-1852</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВО И АРХИТЕКТУРА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>BUILDING AND ARCHITECTURE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Статически определимые и неопределимые фермы с позиции принципа стационарного действия</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statically determinate and indeterminate trusses from the standpoint of the principle of stationary action</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зинькова</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zinkova</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зинькова Виктория Анатольевна, кандидат технических наук, доцент, кафедра «Теоретическая механика и сопротивление материалов».</p><p>308012, Белгород, ул. Костюкова, 46</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victoria A. Zinkova - Cand. Sci. (Eng.), Assoc.Prof., Department of Theoretical Mechanics and Strength of Materials.</p><p>46 Kostyukova Str, Belgorod, 308012</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vikzinkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Белгородский государственный технологический университет им. В.Г. Шухова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>52</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>198</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зинькова В.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зинькова В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zinkova V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnik.dgtu.ru/jour/article/view/1852">https://vestnik.dgtu.ru/jour/article/view/1852</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель</title><p>Цель. В статье рассматривается соответствие статически определимых и статически неопределимых ферм общефизическому принципу стационарного действия и его конкретному проявлению в механике деформируемого твердого тела – обобщенным вариационным принципам Лагранжа и Кастильяно.</p></sec><sec><title>Метод</title><p>Метод. Проектные задачи для ферм решены на основе теории структурного синтеза с использованием обобщенного вариационного принципа Кастильяно и метода множителей Лагранжа. Рассмотрены изопериметрические задачи с уравнением связи, устанавливающим заданный объём материала. Из условия стационарности обобщённого функционала потенциальной энергии деформации выведены уравнения для определения варьируемых параметров. Для трёхстержневой статически неопределимой фермы обнаружено ее вырождение в единый стержень, а для многопролётной фермы – комплексные числа для искомых параметров.</p></sec><sec><title>Результат</title><p>Результат. Дано обобщение теоремы Васютинского, сформулированной без учёта проблемы устойчивости равновесия элементов системы. Установлено, что для статически определимой фермы минимуму потенциальной энергии деформации соответствует минимум объёма материала и при наличии сжатых стержней. Дано обобщение теоремы Леви с учётом устойчивости равновесия сжатых стержней, которое подтвердило поиск рациональных систем в области статически определимых систем с обеспечением глобальных минимумов потенциальной энергии деформации и объёма материала. Лишённая объективного критерия рациональности, задача синтеза статически неопределимой фермы может рассматриваться при различных вариантах субъективных критериев с локальным минимумом целевой функции.</p></sec><sec><title>Вывод</title><p>Вывод. Для          обеспечения         глобальных показателей          качества      механического     сопротивления конструктивных систем, в частности ферм, их анализ и синтез должны производиться на единой методологической основе – с использованием принципа стационарного действия.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. The article considers the correspondence of statically definable and statically indefinable trusses to the general physical principle of stationary action and its specific manifestation in the mechanics of deformable solids – the generalized principles of Lagrange and Castigliano.</p></sec><sec><title>Method</title><p>Method. The design tasks for the farms were solved on the basis of the theory of structural synthesis using the generalized Castigliano variational principle and the Lagrange multiplier method. Isoperimetric problems with a coupling equation that establishes a given volume of material are considered. Equations for determining the variable parameters are derived from the stationarity condition of the generalized functional of the potential strain energy. For a three–core statically indeterminate truss, its degeneration into a single core was found, and for a multi-span truss, complex numbers for the desired parameters were found.</p></sec><sec><title>Result</title><p>Result. A generalization of Vasyutinsky's theorem, formed without taking into account the problem of stability of the equilibrium of the system elements, is given. It is established that for a statically definable truss, the minimum of the potential energy of deformation corresponds to the minimum of the volume of the material even in the presence of compressed rods. A generalization of Levy's theorem is given, taking into account the stability of the equilibrium of compressed rods, which confirmed the search for rational systems in the field of statically definable systems with global minima of the potential energy of deformation and the volume of the material. Devoid of an objective criterion of rationality, the task of synthesizing a statically indeterminate farm can be considered with a variety of subjective criteria with a local minimum of the objective function.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. To ensure global indicators of the mechanical resistance qualities of structural systems, in particular trusses, ther analysis and synthesis should be carried out on a single methodological basis using the principle of stationary action.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>статически определимые и неопределимые фермы</kwd><kwd>вариационные принципы синтеза конструкций</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>statically definable and indefinable trusses</kwd><kwd>variational principles of structural synthesis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена с использованием оборудования на базе Центра высоких технологий БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was carried out using equipment from the V.G. Shukhov BSTU High Technology Center</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрьев А.Г. Естественный фактор оптимизации конструкций. Белгород: Изд-во БГТУ, 2003. 110 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuriev A.G. Natural factor of constructions optimization. Belgorod: BSTU, 2003; 110. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rashevsky N. Mathematical biophysics: Physico-mathematical foundations of biology. V.2. New York: Dover. Publ, 1960. 453 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rashevsky N. Mathematical biophysics: Physico-mathematical foundations of biology. V.2. New York: Dover. Publ, 1960. 453 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Patzelt O. Wachsen und Bauen: Konstruktionen in Natur und Technik. Berlin: Verlag für Bauwesen, 1972. 168 р.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Patzelt O. Wachsen und Bauen:Konstruktionen in Natur und Technik. Berlin:Verlag für Bauwesen, 1972; 168.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрьев А.Г. Оптимизация топологии и геометрии конструкций. Белгород: Изд-во БГТУ, 2018. 96 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuriev A.G. Topology and geometry optimization of constructions. Belgorod: BSTU, 2018; 96. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрьев А.Г. Оптимизация структуры металлических ферм / А.Г. Юрьев, В.А. Зинькова, Н.А. Смоляго, О.А. Яковлев // Вестник БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова. 2017. № 7. С.41-45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuriev A.G. Structure optimization of metallic trusses / A.G. Yuriev, V.A. Zinkova, N.A. Smolyago, O.A. Yakovlev // Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2017;7:41-45. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Юрьев А.Г. Оптимизация нагружения металлических ферм / А.Г. Юрьев, В.А. Зинькова // Вестник БГТУ им. В.Г. Шухова. 2020. №2. С. 56-61.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yuriev A.G. Loading optimization of metallic trusses/ A.G. Yuriev, V.A. Zinkova. Bulletin of BSTU named after V.G. Shukhov. 2020. No2; 56-61. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Зинькова В.А. Формы консоли на основе вариационного принципа Кастильяно // Вестник Инженерной школы Дальневосточного федерального университета. 2024. № 4(61). С. 90–95.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zinkova V.A. Consol forms on base of Castiliano’s variational principle. Bulletin of Engineering School of DVFU. 2024;4(61):90-95. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лаврентьев М.А., Люстерник Л.А. Курс вариационного исчисления. М.-Л.: Гостехиздат, 1960. 296 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavrentiev M.A., Lyusternik L.A. Course of variational calculus. Moscow: Gostechizdat. 1960;296. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wasiutynski Z. On the congruency of the forming according to the minimum potential energy with that according to the equal strength. Bulletin de L’Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Techniques. 1960. V. 8. No 6. pp. 259–268.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wasiutynski Z. On the congruency of the forming according to the minimum potential energy with that according to the equal strength. Bulletin de L’Academie Polonaise des Sciences. Serie des Sciences Techniques. 1960;8(6): 259–268.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pippard A.I.S. On a method for the direct design of framed structures having redundant bracing // Techn. Rep. Aero. Res. Com. London, 1923.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pippard A.I.S. On a method for the direct design of framed structures having redundant bracing. Techn. Rep. Aero. Res. Com. London, 1923.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рабинович И.М. К теории статически неопределимых ферм. М.: Транспечать, 1933. 120 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rabinovich I.M. To theory of statically indefinable trusses. Moscow: Transpechat. 1933; 120. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Радциг Ю.А. Инновационные свойства статически неопределимых ферм наименьшего объёма // Материалы науч.-техн. конф. 1966 г. по строит. механике и строит. конструкциям. Казань: Изд-во Каз ИСИ, 1966. С.86-87.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Radcig Yu.A. Recent properties of statically indefinable trusses having least volume. Materials of research conference (1966) on mechanics structure and building constructions. Kazan: Publishing House KazISI. 1966; 86-87. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мажид К.И. Оптимальное проектирвоание конструкций. М.: Высшая школа, 1979. 238 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Majid K.I. Optimal design of constructions. Moscow: Nauka. 1979; 238. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bendsoe M.P. Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method / M.P. Bendsoe, N. Kikuchi // Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1988. No 71(2). Р. 197-224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bendsoe M.P. Generating optimal topologies in structural design using a homogenization method / M.P. Bendsoe, N. Kikuch. Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 1988;71(2):197-224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diaz A.R. Solutions to shape and topology eigenvalue optimization using a homogenization method / A.R. Diaz, N. Kikuchi // Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 1992. No 35. Р. 1487-1502.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diaz A.R. Solutions to shape and topology eigenvalue optimization sing a homogenization method / A.R. Diaz, N. Kikuchi. Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng. 1992;35:1487-1502.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bendsоe M.P. Topology optimization: theory, methods, and applications / M.P. Bendsоe, O. Sigmund. Berlin: Springer. 2003. 376 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bendsоe M.P. Topology optimization: theory, methods, and applications/ M.P. Bendsоe, O. Sigmund. Berlin: Springer. 2003;376 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rozvany G.I.N. Structural design via optimality criteria. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989, 463 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozvany G.I.N. Structural design via optimality criteria. Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1989; 463 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rozvany G.I.N. Topology optimization in structural design / G.I.N. Rozvany, N. Zhou, O. Sigmund // Advances in design optimization. London: Adeli. 1994. P.240-299.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rozvany G.I.N. Topology optimization in structural design / G.I.N. Rozvany, N. Zhou, O. Sigmund. Advances in design optimization. London: Adeli. 1994:240-299.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang R.J. Automotive applications of topology optimization / R.J.Yang, A.I. Chahande// Structural Optimization. 1995. № 9. Р.245-249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang R.J. Automotive applications of topology optimization / R.J. Yang, A.I. Chahande. Structural Optimization. 1995;9:245-249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Липин Е.К. Некоторые свойства статически неопределимых равнопрочных ферм / Уч. Зап. ЦАГИ, 1983. Т.14. № 5. С. 72-79.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lipin E.K. Some properties of statically indefinable of equal strength. Scientific Notes of CAGI. 1983; 14 (5):72-79. (In Russ)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
